eye/vision problems
Terms
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- Glaucoma
- group of occular diseases resulting in increased IOP, may see halos around lights, increased IOP causes damage to the retina & optic nerve, open angle, closed angle
- External eye disorders
- blepharitis, conjunctivitis, periorbital edema
- Corneal disorders
- Keratoconus, dystrophies, keratitis, ulceration of corneal surface
- Open angle
- develops slowly with gradual loss of vision fields
- drug therapy for glaucoma
- focuses on reducing IOP by: pupillary constriction to promote the absorption of the aqueous humor, inhibiting the production of aqueous humor
- intervention for cataracts
- cataract removal and lens insertion, cool compresses for itching, pain may indicate serious complications, minimize increase in IOP, instructions re: activity, infection, meds
- Dystrophies
- deposition of sustances in the cornea, altering refractiong power
- Mydriatics
- pupil dilation, atropine, phenylephrine
- keratitis
- inflammation or infection
- Keratoconus
- degeneration of the cornea
- Presbyopia
- near objects must be placed farther to be seen clearly
- Blepharitis
- inflammation of the eyelid edges
- myopia
- nearsightedness
- Ocular antiinfective drugs
- destroy invading organism, gentamicin, tobramycin, ciproflaxcin, erythromycin, ofloxacin
- Tear
- break in integrity of peripheral sensory retina
- hyperopia
- farsightedness
- antibiotic steroid combos
- tobramycin with dexamethasone(tobraDex), Neomycin sulfate with plymyxin B sulfate and dexamethasone (maxitrol)
- interventions for corneal disorders
- meds, suggesting sunglasses, keratoplasty
- Miotics
- produces constriction of the pupil and contractions of the ciliary muscle, may cause decreased acuity in low light, may cause urinary retention, pilocarpine HCL(pilocar, miocarpine), acetylocholine (miochol-E)
- retinal detachement or tear
- suddenly see flashes or light or dark spots, if partial mimics ccurtain being pulled over eye
- Cataract
- opacity of the lens that distorts the image projected onto the retina, intervention indicated when visual acuity becomes unacceptable to the pt
- Conjunctivities
- inflammation or infection of the conjunctiva
- detachment
- separation of the sensory retina from pigmented epithelium
- Periorbital edema
- usualy due to trauma
- Retinopathy
- hypertensive, diabetic, vessel changes lead to retinal damage and decreased vision
- Macular degeneration
- deterioration of the macula that leads to blindness, progresses faster in smokers, may be reduced by increasing long term dietary intake of antioxidants and carotenoids lutein and zeaxathin
- scleral buckle
- repair of wrinkles or folds so retina can assume normal smooth position, silicone and band olaced against sclera promote reattachement
- beta blockers
- reduce aqueous humor production, Timolol, carteolol
- Keratoplasty
- corneal transplant
- topical steroids
- inhibition of inflammatory effects, prednisolone, dexamethasone
- closed angle
- sudden onset of visual loss
- corneal disorder clinical manifestations
- pain, reduced vision, photophobia, eye secretions, cornea is hazy/cloudy
- cataract clinical manifestations
- blurred vision, decreased color perception, double vision