Chapter 1
Terms
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- systemic physiology
- the study of the functioning of specific organ systems
- cytology
- the analysis of the internal structure of individual cells
- embryology
- the study of the developmental processes during the first two months of development
- characteristics of life
- organization / responsiveness / growth / metabolism
- homeostatic regulation mechanism
- receptor: sensor detects stimulus / control center: receives and processes the stimulus then sends out a command / effector: responds to command from control center
- reproductive system (female)
- ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands
- gross anatomy
- the study of structures you can see with the naked eye
- cell physiology
- the study of the function of the cell
- lymphatic system
- spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils
- digestive system
- teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestine, liver, gall bladder, pancreas
- disease
- a malfunction of organs or organ systems resulting from a failure of homeostatic regulation
- autoregulation
- or intrinsic regulation occurs when a cell/tissue/organ/organ system adjusts its activities automatically in response to a stimulus
- clinical anatomy
- the study anatomical subspecialties important in the practice of medicine
- urinary system
- kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
- tissue
- a group of cells that similar in structure and function
- embryology
- the study of structural changes during the first two months of embryonic development
- pathology
- the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of cells/tissue/organs/bodily fluids
- respiratory system
- nasal cavity, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
- basal metabolic rate
- the minimum amount of energy required to keep you alive at rest
- pathological physiology
- the study of dysfunction and disease
- homeostasis
- existence of a stable environment within the body
- physiology
- the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions
- extrinsic regulation
- results from the activities of the nervous or endocrine systems that adjusts the activities of other systems
- muscular system
- skeletal muscles, tendons
- skeletal system
- bones, cartilages, ligaments, bone marrow
- microscopic anatomy
- examination of structures using magnification
- positive feedback
- enhances the stimulus
- organ system
- a group of organs that work together to perform a particular body function
- cardiovascular system
- heart, blood, blood vessels
- developmental anatomy
- the study of changes in form from conception to physical maturity
- surface anatomy
- the study of general form and markings
- homeostatic regulation mechanisms
- auto regulation and extrinsic regulation
- organ
- a structure comprised of two or more tissues that perform the same body function
- reproductive system (male)
- testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, scrotum
- catabolism
- the breakdown of large complex organic molecules into simpler molecules
- anabolism
- synthesis of complex organic molecules from simpler precursors
- integumentary system
- skin, hair, sweat glands, nails
- systemic anatomy
- the study of organ systems
- endocrine system
- adrenal, thyroid and pituitary glands, pancreas, gonads, endocrine tissue
- regional anatomy
- the study of anatomical organization of specific areas of the body
- nervous system
- brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs
- negative feedback
- initiates activities that reduce or reverse the stimulus
- levels of organization
- molecular / cellular / tissue / organ / organ system / organism
- histology
- the study of tissues
- anatomy
- the study of internal and external structures of the body and the physical relationship among body parts
- organ systems
- integumentary / skeletal / muscular / nervous / endocrine / cardiovascular / lymphatic / respiratory / digestive / urinary / reproductive
- levels of organization
- chemical / tissue / organ / organ system / organism