Electronic music I-II
Terms
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- Impedance
- In an electrical circuit, oppostion to current flow of alternating current, measured in ohms. A high impedance microphone has an impedance or 10, 000 ohms or more. A low impedance microphone has an impedance of 50 to 600 ohms.
- Self-noise
- The electronic noise, or hiss an electrionic device produces.
- Lavalier Microphone
- A small microphone designed for hands-free usage. Usally clipped to the clothing.
- Automatic mixer
- A specialized mixer that turns off unused microphone channels without any user intervention, and turns on microphones channels as needed.
- 3-to-1 Rule
- When using multiple microphones, the distance between microphones should be at least 3 times the distance from each microphone to its intended sound source.
- Harmonic Distortion
- Nonlinear distortion caused when an audio system introduces harmonics to a signal at the output that were notpresent at the input.
- Wireless microphone
- System consisting of a transmitter that sends a microphone signal to a receiver connected to a console.
- Noise-canceling Microphone
- A microphone designed for use close to the mouth and with excellent rejection of amibent sound.
- Frequency Response
- A measure of an audio system's ability to reproduce a range of frequencies with the same relative loudness; usually represented by a graph.
- Delay (echo)
- Reflection of sounds that is delayed long enough to be heard as a distinct repetition of the original sound.
- Gain-Before-Feekback
- The amount of gain that can be achieved in a sound system before feedback or ringing occurs.
- Cardioid microphone
- A unidirectional mircrophone with moderately wide front pickup (131 degrees).
- Maximum sound-pressure level
- The level at which a microphone's output signal begins to distort.
- Reverberation
- The reflection of a sounds a suffcient number of times that it becomes non-directional and persists for some time after the source has stopped. The amount of reverberation depends of the relative amount of sound reflectin and absorption in the room.
- Shotgun Microphone
- An extremely directional microphone, commonly used in broadcast and film production applications.
- Microscopic Microphone
- A microphone that measures the velocity of air particles across tiny, resistive strips of platinum or silicon nitride, instead of measuring fluctuating air pressure as conventional mics do. The sensor strips are to small to be seen with the naked eye.
- EQ
- Equalization or tone control to shape frequency response in some desired way.
- Flat Response
- A frequency response that is uniform and equal at all frequencies.
- Decibel (dB)
- A number used to express relative output sensitvity. It is a logarithmic ratio.
- Dynamic Microphone
- A microphone that generates an electrical signal when sound waves cause a conductor to vibrate in a magnetic field. In a moving-coil microphone, the conductor is a coil of wire attached to the diaphragm.
- Feedback
- In a PA system consisting of a microphone, amplifer, and loudspeaker, feekback is the ringing or howling sounds caused by amplified sound from the loudspeaker entering the microphone nd being re-amplified.
- Stereophonic Microphones
- Two directional microphone capsules, one above the other, with separate outputs encased in one housing.
- System microphones
- Interchangeable microphone capsules of various directional patterns that attach to a common base. The base contains a power supply and a preamplifier.
- Boundary/sureface microphone
- A microphone designed to be mounted on an acoustically reflective surface.
- Supercardioid Microphone
- A unidirectional microphone with a tighter frount pickup angle (115) than a cardioid, but with some rear pickup. Angle of best rejection is 126 degrees from the front of the microphone, that is, 54 degrees form the rear.
- Unidirectional Microphone
- A microphone that is most sensitive to sound coming from a single direction - infrount of the microphone. Cardioid and supercardioid microphones are unidirectional.
- Gain
- Amplifaction of sound level or voltage.
- Frequency
- The rate of repetition of a cyclic phenomenon such as a sounds wave. Usually measured in Hertz (Hz).
- Capacitor Microphone
- A microphone that transduces acoustic energy into electric energy electrostatically.
- Condenser Microphone
- A microphone that generates an electrical signal when waves vary the spacing between two charged surfaces: the diaphragm and the backplate.