Bandura
Terms
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- In the experimental method, what is the standard procedure?
- Manipulate one variable, and then measure its effects on another.
- Bandura's first theory of personality
- says that one's environment cause one's behavior
- reciprocal determinism
- The world and a person's behavior cause each other
- Personality is looked at as an interaction among what three things?
- the environment, behavior, and the person's psychological processes
- What is he considered the "father" of?
- the cognitivist movement
- Bobo doll studies
- had kids watch a film and found out that they imitated whatever the person in the film did ie. punch, kick, sit on, or talk to not notice
- Steps of the modeling process
- attention, retention, reproduction, motivation
- Attention
- if you are going to learn anything, you have to be paying attention, some things that might effect this are being sleepy, groggy, drugged, sick, nervous, or "hyper"- you will learn less well
- Retention
- you must be able to retain or remember what you have paid attention to so you can later bring up that image so that you can reproduce it with your own behavior
- Reproduction
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you have to translate the images or description into actual behavior-so you have the ability to reproduce the behavior in the first place
tidbit- our ability to imitate improves with practice at the behaviors involved
tidbit- our abilities improve even when we just imagine ourselves performing ex. athletes - Motivation
- you are not going to do anything unless you are motivated to imitate ie. you have some reason for doing it
- positive motivations
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past reinforcement- traditional behaviorism
promised reinforcements- (incentives) that we can imagine
vicarious reinforcement- seeing and recalling the model being reinforced - negative motivations
- past punishment, promised punishment (threats), vicatious punishment
- What does Bandura say works best: punishment or reinforcement?
- punishment in whatever form does not work as well as reinforcement and, in fact, has a tendency to "backfire" on us
- self-regulation
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controllilng our own behaviior with Banduras suggested three steps
1. self-observation
2. judgment
3. self-response - self-observation
- we look at ourselves, our behavior, and keep tabs on it
- judgment
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we compare what we see with a standard
ex. compare our performance with tranditional standards such as rules of ettiquette - self-response
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if you did well in comparison with your standard, you give yourself rewarding self- responses vice versa
These self-responses can range from the obvious (treating yourself to a sundae or working late) to the more covert (feelings of pride or shame) - self-concept
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(better known as self-esteem)
If you find yourself meeting your standards and life loaded with self-praise and self-reward, you will have a pleasant self-concept.
If you find yourself forever failing to meet your standards and punishing yourself, you will have a poor self-concept. - Bandura's three likely results of excessive self-punishment
- compensation, inactivity, escape
- compensation
- a superiority complex, for example, and delusioins or grandeur
- inactivity
- apathy, boredorm, depression
- escape
- drugs and alcohol, television fantasies, or even the ultimate escape suicide
- his recommendations to those who suffer from poor self-concepts come straight from the thress steps of self-regulation (3)
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1. regarding self-observation
2. regarding standards
3. regarding self-response - regarding self-observation
- know thyself! Make sure you have an accurate picture of you behavior
- regarding standards
- make sure your standards aren't set too high. Don't set yourself up for failure! Standards that are too low, on the other hand, are meaningless.
- regarding self-response
- use self-rewards, not self-punishments. Celebrate you victories, don't dwell on you failures