Unit 2 Biology Vocab
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- activation energy
- energy needed to change potential energy into kinetic
- amino acid
- nitrogenous building blocks of protein molecules
- what kind of cmpound is a carbohydrate?
- organic
- what 3 elements do carbohydrates contain?
- oxygen, hydrogen, carbon
- starch is a ____?
- carbohydrate
- what is the monomer of carbohydrates?
- glucose
- chemical energy
- form of pontential energy stored in chemical bonds
- dehydration synthesis
- formation of complex organic compounds in which water is given off
- dissacharide
- sugar made of 2 simple sugar molecules
- enzyme- lipid, protein, carb?
- protein
- lipids made of what?
- 3 fatty acids + 1 glycerol
- enzyme=catalyst=?
- speeds up processes
- enzyme characteristics
-
1)speeds up reactions
2)1 specific reaction
3)never used up in reaction
4)protein, amino acids
5)lowers activation energy required for chmical reaction - enzyme suffix?
- ase
- potential energy
- stored
- kinetic energy
- motion
- conservation energy
- in chemical reactions, neither created nor destroyed (transformed)
- enzyme changes and conforms to the____?
- substrate
- condensation reaction
- small molecules join to form larger molecules
- nucleic acids found where?
- in the nucleus
- DNA=?
- genetic code
- RNA=?
- copies DNA instructions to produce proteins
- Nucleic Acid role
- organism's code
- atoms
- building blocks of nature
- element
- composed of one type of atom
- atomic number
- number of protons
- compound
- combo of 2+ atoms of different elements joined by chemical bond
- molecule
- combo of 2+ atoms joined by covalent bond
- covalent bond
- combine by sharing electrons
- ionic bond
- attraction between ions, balance in order to be neutral,
- physical properties
- physical characteristics of matter
- chemical properties
- how matter behaves with other elements/compounds
- chemical change
- new substance with new properties formed
- law of conservation of mass
- mass is neither created nor destroyed (chemical equations must be balanced= numbers of atoms on both sides af the arrows must be equal
- solutions
- mixture that are the same throughout but have variable composition
- bases
- pH above 7 (slippery, bitter taste, give off OH- in water)
- acids
- pH below 7 (gives off H+ in water, sour taste)
- organic chemistry
- contains carbon
- inorganic chemistry
- no carbon, except CO2, not produced by living things
- structural formula
- states kinds, # of atoms, arrangement
- isomers
- same chemical formula but different structural formula + properties
- carbohydrates elements
-
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
(2 H:1 O) - Carbohydrate role
- quick energy, cell structures
- Monosaccharide
-
- 1 sugar
- glucose, fructose
- Benedicts=orange/red - Disaccharide
-
- 2 sugars
- sucrose, lactose, maltose
- Benedicts= no change, light blue - Polysaccharide
-
- many sugars
- starch, glycogen, cellulose
- Iodine test= inky blue - Lipid Elements
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (more H than O)
- Lipid Types
-
fats= animal (solid)
oils= plant (liquid)
waxes= plant/animal - Lipid Role
- stored energy, cell membrane
- Lipid Groups
-
carboxyl(-COOH)
R(long chains of C-H) - Fatty Acid Types
-
Unsaturated
Saturated - Saturated
- single covalent bonds- bad
- Unsaturated
- double covalent bonds- healthy
- Protein Elements
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur
- Protein Roles (4)
-
1)build living material (muscle)
2)enzymes 4 chemical reactions
3)fight diseases
4)transport particle in/out of cells - Protein Structure
-
Amino Acids (3 groups)
Shape - Protein Groups
- carboxyl, amino acid, r
- denatured
- protein changed shape andbecomes inactive (pH, temp.) (enzynme)
- polypeptide
- large molecule made of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
- peptide bond
- carbon-nitrogen bond linking amino acids to form polypeptides
- substrate
- substances enzymes cause to react
- active site
-
enzyme's surface
does not exactly fit substrate shape so enzyme is like flexible key (slight change to fit substrate) - hydrolysis
- large molecules converted to smaller ones by reverse condensation, addition of water
- peptide
- amino acids bonded together
- dipeptide
- 2 amino acids link