Chapter 3 chem
Terms
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- Particle theory of matter
- made by democritus, cme up with the idea of an atom beign the smallest subunit
- Aristole
- rejected the idea of the atom, ideas were lated rejected
- law of conservation of mass
- matter can be neither created or destroyed by oridinary chemical reactions or physical changes
- law of definite proportions
- same element in exacly teh same proportion will have the same mass no matter the sie of the smaple or the source of the compound ex: NaCl
- law of multiple proportions
- two or more compounds with same elements then the ratio of the first will always be uneven ex: oxygen and carbon and carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
- Dalton's Atomic Theory
-
1. made of atoms
2. identical in size, mass, and other properties
3. atoms cant be subdivided
4. whole number ratios
5. in chemical reaction they rearrange - Modern Atomic Theory
-
1. composed of atoms]
2. atoms of one element are differnet in properties from another element - protons
- in nucleus,neutral with equal numbers of p and n, 1.673*10^-27
- electrons
- surround nuclues, very large, large charge to mass ratio, 9.019*10^-31
- neutrons
- in nucleus, 1.675*10^-27
- cathode ray
- electric current was run through various gasses at low pressures, surface of tube opposite of cathode glowed, rays were defelcted by a magnetic feild, deflected by a negative charged object
- Thomson
- gave us the "electron"
- Millikan
- measured the charge of the electron, 9.019*10^-31
- Rutherford
- bombarded gold foil with alpha particles, thought that it must haev been defelected by a bundle of postively charged
- nuclear force
- proton-neutron, proton-proton, neutron-neutron nonds that hold the particles in place