US History to 1865, Chapters 1-4
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Mesoamerica
- The birthplace of agriculture in North America. It extended from Central Mexico into Central America.
- Mayans
- Created the most advanced Writing and Calendar systems of their time. They reigned until the fall of Teotihuacan in 900 AD.
- Protestant Reformation
- A movement started by Martin Luther that opened a debate against some of the church practices of the Catholic Church
- John Calvin
- A religious leader who advanced the theory of pre-destination.
- Christopher Columbus
- Recieved financial support from Spain to find a route to Asia by sailing west. After sailing 33 days, he landed on the present day Bahamas.
- Ponce de Leon
- 1st Spainard to land on what is now the United States mainland. He discovered Florida for Spain.
- Hernan Cortes
- Leader of a group of conquistadors who defeated the Aztecs.
- Francisco Pizzaro
- Leader of a group of conquistadors who defeated the Incas.
- Columbian Exchange
- Biological consequences of contact and the exchange of livestock and plants that took place when Europeans reached Native American lands in the New World.
- Jacques Cartier
- 1st French explorer to sail the St. Lawrence River searching for the Northwest passage to Asia.
- Elizabeth I
- The queen who finally embraced the Protestant movement and cleared the way for English explorers to sail for the New World.
- "Lost Colony"
- Name for the ill-fated 2nd colony developed in Roanoke, Virgina. No sign of survivors were ever found.
- Virgina Dare
- 1st English child born in America.
- Samuel de Champlain
- French explorer who sailed along the St. Lawrence River who helped establish villages at Trois-Rivieres and in Montreal.
- Filles de Roi
- King's daughters that were to be sent to New France to help speed up the slow population growth.
- Robert Sieur de La Salle
- French explorer who sailed along the Mississippi River and claimed all the lands along the river for France and named it Louisiana.
- West India Company
- Established Fort Orange as the first Dutch Village in the New World.
- Peter Minuit
- Purchases Manhattan from Native Americans for the Dutch.
- London Company
- A joint-stock company that was given a charter for land that is now Virginia.
- Plymouth Company
- A joint-stock company that received a charter for land in what is now Massachusetts.
- Joint-Stock Company
- A company where shares are sold to investors who are financing exploration into the New World.
- House of Burgesses
- The first self-government established in the New World.
- John Rolfe
- Husband of Pocahontas. Helped establish tobacco industry in Virginia.
- George Calvert
- Recieved 10,000,000 acres in a land grant from King Charles I. Establishes Maryland.
- Proprietary Colony
- A colony that is solely owned by one man or family.
- Act for Religious toleration
- 1st legislative act that ensures Freedom of Worship in the New World.
- Conversion
- Transforming experience that occurred when Puritans felt stirrings in their souls and they might be chosen to eternal grace.
- Separatists
- Puritans who believed they should separate from the Angelican Church for their own good.
- Mayflower Compact
- A written document that established that those who were to establish in the Plymouth colony would go along with those in the majority.
- Massachusetts Bay Colony
- A joint-stock enterprise led by John Winthrop which was better prepared to survive in the New World.
- Pequot War
- Fought between members of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and natives in the Conneticut River Valley. English won.
- Roger Williams
- Founder of Rhode Island. Purchased land from the Narragansett tribe after escaping punishment in Massachusetts.
- Anne Hutchinson
- Religious leader who was tried for sedation and removed from Massachusetts. Later brings her teachings to Rhode Island.
- Slave Codes
- Laws established declaring that slavery is a lifelong condition that passes on from slave parents to their children.
- William Penn
- Recieved a large land grant as repayment of a debt owed to his father by the crown of England. Wanted to create a colony for the Quakers.
- Peter Stuyvesant
- Dutch Governer who surrenders New Netherland to James.
- Encomienda
- Form of labor control practiced by the Spainards where colonists were granted the right to collect tribute from natives living on a specific piece of land.
- Repartimiento
- Form of labor utilized by the Spainards that allowed colonists to "draft" natives for public projects.
- The Great League of Peace and Power
- Group of five separate nations (Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas). First a religious organization, then became powerful alliance for military action.
- King Phillip's War
- The deadliest war in terms of proportion of casualties to total population.
- Bacon's Rebellion
- Began as war against natives, eventually turns into a revolt of settlers against their colonial authorities.
- Pueblo Revolt
- Led by Pope, where every Spanish building was either destoryed or damaged in the New Mexico area. Eventually unsuccessful.
- Middle Passage
- A six to eight week ocean voyage that slaves endured once they were forcefully removed from Africa
- Treaty of Paris
- Formally ended the French and Indian War
- French and Indian War
- Finally settled England as the dominant force in North America.
- Albany Plan of Union
- Union to coordinate colonial defense, levy taxes, and regulate Indian affairs.
- Treaty of Lancaster
- Sold trade rights to Virginia land speculators to trade at the Forks of the Ohio Valley.
- Grand Settlement of 1701
- Iroquois nation pledge neutrality in regards to the French and English empires.
- Glorious Revolution
- King James removed from power by William the Orange. Ensured England would remain Protestant.
- Dominion of New England
- Control of 8 previously separated colonies would come under single control of the crown.
- Great Awakening
- Spiritual revival that spread through the colonies. Lasted for 30 years.
- Halfway Covenant
- Allowed adults to have their own children baptized in the Church.
- Enumerated Products
- Goods produced that could only be shipped to England/English colony.
- Mercantilism
- Governmental intervention in the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth.
- Redemptioner System
- Alternative to indentured servant system where immigrants promised to repay costs of trip.
- Stono Rebellion
- Largest slave uprising where 20 or so slaves stole arms and attacked white troops on their search for freedom in Florida.