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US History to 1865, Chapters 1-4

Terms

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Mesoamerica
The birthplace of agriculture in North America. It extended from Central Mexico into Central America.
Mayans
Created the most advanced Writing and Calendar systems of their time. They reigned until the fall of Teotihuacan in 900 AD.
Protestant Reformation
A movement started by Martin Luther that opened a debate against some of the church practices of the Catholic Church
John Calvin
A religious leader who advanced the theory of pre-destination.
Christopher Columbus
Recieved financial support from Spain to find a route to Asia by sailing west. After sailing 33 days, he landed on the present day Bahamas.
Ponce de Leon
1st Spainard to land on what is now the United States mainland. He discovered Florida for Spain.
Hernan Cortes
Leader of a group of conquistadors who defeated the Aztecs.
Francisco Pizzaro
Leader of a group of conquistadors who defeated the Incas.
Columbian Exchange
Biological consequences of contact and the exchange of livestock and plants that took place when Europeans reached Native American lands in the New World.
Jacques Cartier
1st French explorer to sail the St. Lawrence River searching for the Northwest passage to Asia.
Elizabeth I
The queen who finally embraced the Protestant movement and cleared the way for English explorers to sail for the New World.
"Lost Colony"
Name for the ill-fated 2nd colony developed in Roanoke, Virgina. No sign of survivors were ever found.
Virgina Dare
1st English child born in America.
Samuel de Champlain
French explorer who sailed along the St. Lawrence River who helped establish villages at Trois-Rivieres and in Montreal.
Filles de Roi
King's daughters that were to be sent to New France to help speed up the slow population growth.
Robert Sieur de La Salle
French explorer who sailed along the Mississippi River and claimed all the lands along the river for France and named it Louisiana.
West India Company
Established Fort Orange as the first Dutch Village in the New World.
Peter Minuit
Purchases Manhattan from Native Americans for the Dutch.
London Company
A joint-stock company that was given a charter for land that is now Virginia.
Plymouth Company
A joint-stock company that received a charter for land in what is now Massachusetts.
Joint-Stock Company
A company where shares are sold to investors who are financing exploration into the New World.
House of Burgesses
The first self-government established in the New World.
John Rolfe
Husband of Pocahontas. Helped establish tobacco industry in Virginia.
George Calvert
Recieved 10,000,000 acres in a land grant from King Charles I. Establishes Maryland.
Proprietary Colony
A colony that is solely owned by one man or family.
Act for Religious toleration
1st legislative act that ensures Freedom of Worship in the New World.
Conversion
Transforming experience that occurred when Puritans felt stirrings in their souls and they might be chosen to eternal grace.
Separatists
Puritans who believed they should separate from the Angelican Church for their own good.
Mayflower Compact
A written document that established that those who were to establish in the Plymouth colony would go along with those in the majority.
Massachusetts Bay Colony
A joint-stock enterprise led by John Winthrop which was better prepared to survive in the New World.
Pequot War
Fought between members of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and natives in the Conneticut River Valley. English won.
Roger Williams
Founder of Rhode Island. Purchased land from the Narragansett tribe after escaping punishment in Massachusetts.
Anne Hutchinson
Religious leader who was tried for sedation and removed from Massachusetts. Later brings her teachings to Rhode Island.
Slave Codes
Laws established declaring that slavery is a lifelong condition that passes on from slave parents to their children.
William Penn
Recieved a large land grant as repayment of a debt owed to his father by the crown of England. Wanted to create a colony for the Quakers.
Peter Stuyvesant
Dutch Governer who surrenders New Netherland to James.
Encomienda
Form of labor control practiced by the Spainards where colonists were granted the right to collect tribute from natives living on a specific piece of land.
Repartimiento
Form of labor utilized by the Spainards that allowed colonists to "draft" natives for public projects.
The Great League of Peace and Power
Group of five separate nations (Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas). First a religious organization, then became powerful alliance for military action.
King Phillip's War
The deadliest war in terms of proportion of casualties to total population.
Bacon's Rebellion
Began as war against natives, eventually turns into a revolt of settlers against their colonial authorities.
Pueblo Revolt
Led by Pope, where every Spanish building was either destoryed or damaged in the New Mexico area. Eventually unsuccessful.
Middle Passage
A six to eight week ocean voyage that slaves endured once they were forcefully removed from Africa
Treaty of Paris
Formally ended the French and Indian War
French and Indian War
Finally settled England as the dominant force in North America.
Albany Plan of Union
Union to coordinate colonial defense, levy taxes, and regulate Indian affairs.
Treaty of Lancaster
Sold trade rights to Virginia land speculators to trade at the Forks of the Ohio Valley.
Grand Settlement of 1701
Iroquois nation pledge neutrality in regards to the French and English empires.
Glorious Revolution
King James removed from power by William the Orange. Ensured England would remain Protestant.
Dominion of New England
Control of 8 previously separated colonies would come under single control of the crown.
Great Awakening
Spiritual revival that spread through the colonies. Lasted for 30 years.
Halfway Covenant
Allowed adults to have their own children baptized in the Church.
Enumerated Products
Goods produced that could only be shipped to England/English colony.
Mercantilism
Governmental intervention in the economy for the purpose of increasing national wealth.
Redemptioner System
Alternative to indentured servant system where immigrants promised to repay costs of trip.
Stono Rebellion
Largest slave uprising where 20 or so slaves stole arms and attacked white troops on their search for freedom in Florida.

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