Sterile Technique
Terms
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- Asepsis
- A condition free from germs, infection and any form of life
- Surgical Conscience
- define needs, have all materials ready, start over if sterility is broken
- Define the sterile area-personal
- 2" below neck to navel or waist and fingertips to 2" above elbows. Front only
- Surgical Asepsis
- procedures used to eliminate all microorganisms, including pathogens and spores from an object or area
- Medical Asepsis
- clean technique, procedures used to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms. eg. hand hygiene, clean gloves and clean environment.
- Surgical Asepsis- uses
- intentional perforation of the skin(iv caths, injections), surgical incisions or breaking the skin integrity, during procedures that involve insertion of catheters or instruments into sterile body cavities
- Modes of Transmission of microorganisms
- Contact (direct and indirect, droplet), air (droplet nuclei, residue from evaporated droplets), vehicles, vector (flies, mosquito)
- Nosocomial infection
- result from delivery of health services in a health care facility.
- Iatrogenic Infection
- nosocomial infections resulting from a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure
- Exogenous Infectionq
- microorganisms external to the individual that do not exist as normal flora
- endogenous infection
- can occur when a part of client's flora becomes altered and overgrowth occurs. eg. streptococci.
- Exudate
- fluid or cells that are discharged from cells or blood vessels, pus, serum
- Serous Exudate
- clear plasma like
- Sanguineous Exudate
- containing rbc's
- Purulent Exudate
- contains wbc's and bacterium.
- Sero-sanguineous Exudate
- a mixture of both serous and sanguineous
- Standard precuations- protection for exposure to:
- blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, except sweat regardless of whether they contain blood. Nonintact skin, mucous membranes.
- Standard Precautions- applied
- hand washing, clean gloves, masks, eyewear, gowns when appropriate
- Second tier precautions
- airborne, droplet, contact
- Airborne precautions
- droplets smaller than 5 microns. Laryngeal TB, Varicella, measels , pulmonary tb.
- Droplet Precautions
- droplets larger than 5 microns. Rubella, streptococcal pharyngitis, pneumonia, scarlet fever in children and infants.
- Contact Precautions
- Direct client or environmental contact. Colonization or infection with multidrug-resitant organism. Herpies simplex, scabies, varicella zoster etc.
- Airborne Precautions- accomodations
- private negative pressure airflow room. 6 changes per hour. mask or respiratory protection required
- Droplet Precautions-accomodations
- private room or cohort clients, mask
- Contact Precautions -accomodations
- gloves, gown, private or cohort client.
- Sterile Field
- an area free of microorganisms and prepared to receive sterile items.
- Autoclave
- used to sterilize surgical instruments, parenteral solutions, and surgical dressings
- Chemical Sterilization
- used to disinfect instruments, and equipment.
- Ethylene Oxide Gas
- sterilizes some rubber and plastics
- Boiling water
- household sterilization