Chapter 12
Terms
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- industrial capitalism
- an economic system in which business leaders use profits to expand their companies
- reparations
- a payment for damages
- ethnic cleansing
- the expelling from a country or killing of rival ethnic groups
- language family
- group of related languages that have all developed from one earlier language
- refugee
- one who flees his or her home for safety
- realism
- artistic style portraying everyday life that developed in Europe during the mid-1800s
- Renaissance
- in Europe, a 300-year period of renewed interest in classical learning and the arts, beginning in the 1300s
- Good Friday Peace Agreement
- paved the way for Protestant and Roman Catholic communities to share political power in Northern Ireland
- city-state
- in Ancient Greece, independent community consisting of a city and the surrounding lands
- impressionist
- artistic style that developed in Europe in the late 1800s and tried to show the natural appearance of objects with dabs or strokes of color
- urbanization
- the movement of people from rural areas into cities
- Crusades
- series of religious wars (A.D. 1100-1300) in which European Christians tried to retake Palestine from Muslim rule
- Holocaust
- the mass killings of 6 million Jews by Germany's Nazi leaders during World War II
- Cold War
- power struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II
- Reformation
- religious movement that began in Germany in the 1400s, leading to the establishment of Protestant churches
- Enlightenment
- a movement during the 1700s, emphasizing the importance of reason and questioning traditions and values
- Middle Ages
- the period of European history from about A.D. 500 to about 1500
- European Union
- an organization whose goal is to unite Europe so that goods, services, and workers can move freely among member countries
- communism
- society based on equality in which workers would control industrial production
- romanticism
- artistic style emphasizing individual emotions that developed in Europe in the late 1700s and early 1800s as a reaction to industrialization
- feudalism
- in medieval Europe and Japan, system of government in which powerful lords gave land to nobles in return for pledges of loyalty
- dialect
- local form of a language used in a particular place or by a certain group
- welfare state
- nation in which the government assumes major responsibility for people's welfare in areas such as health and education
- ethnic group
- group of people who share common ancestry, language, religion, customs, or combination of such characteristics