APHG chpt 8 b
Terms
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- hinterland
- the market area surrounding an urban center, which that urban center serves
- rank-size rule
- rule that states that the population of any given town should be inversely proportionate to its rank in the country's hierarchy when the distribution of cities according to their size follows a certian pattern
- primate city
- a country's leading city , with a population that is disproportionately greater than other urban areas within the same country
- exurbanite
- person who has left the inner city and moved to outlying suburbs
- edge cities
- cities that are located on the on the outskirts of larger cities and serve many of the same functions of urban areas, but in a sprawling, decetralized suburban environment
- colonial city
- cities established by colonizing empires as administrative centers. Often they were established on already existing native cities, completely overtaking their infrastructures
- Postmodern Architechture
- a reaction in architechture design to the feeling of sterile alienation that many people get from modern architechture.
- medieval cities
- cities that developed in Europe during the Medieval Period and that contain such unique featurs as extreme density of developement with narrow buildings and winding streets, an ornate church that prominently marks the city center, and high walls surrounding the city center that provided defense against attack
- megacities
- cities, mostly characteristic of the developing world, where high population growth and migration are plagued by chaotic and unplanned growth, terrible pollution, and widespread poverty
- urban revitalization
- the process occuring in some urban areas experiencing inner city decay that usually involves the construction of new shopping districts, entertainment venues, and cultural attractions to entice young urban professionals back into the cities where nightlife and culture are more accessible
- city beautiful movement
- movement in environmental design that drew directly from the beaux arts school. Architects from this movenment strove to impart order on hectic, industrial centers by creating urban spaces that convert a sense of morality and civic pride, which many feared was absent from the frenzied new industrial world
- eurpian cities
- cities in europe that were mostly developed during the medieval period and that retain many of the same characteristics such as extreme density of developement with narrow buildings and winding streets, an ornate church that prominently marks the city center, and high walls surrounding the city center that provided defense against attack
- ghettoization
- a process occuring in many inner cities in which they become dilapidated centers of poverty, as affluent whites move out to the suburbs and immigrants and a people of color vie for scarce jobs and rescources
- action space
- the geographical area that contains the space an individuals interacts with on a daily basis
- megalopolis
- several metropolitan areas that were originally seperate but that have joined together to form a large, sprawling urban complex
- islamic cities
- cities in muslim countries tha owe their structure to their religious beliefs. Islamic cities contain mosques at their center and walls guarding their perimeter. Open-air markets, courtyards surrounded by high walls, and dead-end streets, which limit foot traffic in residential neighborhoods, also characterize Islamic cities
- beaux arts
- this movement within a city planning and urban design that stressed the marriage of older, classical forms with newer, industrials ones. Common characteristics of this period include wide thoroughfares, spacious parks, and civic monuments that stressed progress, freedom, and national unity
- urban sprawl
- the process of expansive suburban developement over large areas spreading out from a city, in which the automobile provides the primary scource of transportation
- modern architecture
- point of view, wherein cities and buildings are thought to act like well-oilede machines, with little energy spent on frivolous details or ornate designs. Efficient, geometrical srtructures made of concrete and glass dominated urban forms for half a centruy while this view prevailed
- squatter settlements
- residential developments characterized by extreme poverty that usually exist on land outside of cities that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants
- central place theory
- a theory formulated by Walter Christaller in the early 1900s that explains the size and distribution of citiesin terms of a competitive supply of goods and services to dispersed populations
- world city
- centers of economic, culture, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global market systems of finance and commerce
- urban growth boundary
- geographical boundaries placed around a city to limit suburban growth within that city
- sector model
- a model or urban land use that places the central business district in the middle with wedge-shaped sectors radiating outwards from the center along transportation corridors
- gateway cities
- cities that, because of their geographic location, act as ports of entry and distribution centers for large geographic areas
- gentrification
- the trend of middle-and upper-income Americans moving into city centers and rehabilitating much of the architecture but also replacing low-income populations, and changing the social character of certain neighborhoods
- node
- geographical centers of activity . A large city , such as Los Angelas, has numerous nodes
- feudal cities
- cities that arose during the middle ages and that actually represent a time of relative stagnation in urban growth. This system fostered a sent a time of relative stagnation in urban growth, this fostered a dependent relationship between wealthy landowners and peasants who worked their land, providing very alternative economic opportunities
- concentric zone model
- model that describe urban environments as a series of rings of distinct land uses radiating out from a central business district
- latin america cities
- cities in Latin America that owe much of their structure to colonialism, the rapid rise of industrialization, and continual rapid increases in population. Similar to other colonial cities, they also demonstrate distinctive sectors of industrial or residential developement radiating out from the central business district, where most industrial and financial activity occurs
- central business district
- the downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and tranportation systems converge
- suburb
- residential communities, located outside of city centers, that are usually relatively homogenous in terms of population
- metropolitan area
- within the US, an urban area consisting of one or more whole county units, usually containing several urbanized areas, or suburbs, that all act together as a cohesive economic whole
- inner city decay
- those parts of large urban areas that lose significant portions of their populations as a result of change in industry or migration to suburbs. Because of these changes, the inner city loses its tax base and becomes a center of poverty
- segregation
- the process that results from suburbanization when individuals leave the city center for homogenous suburb neighborhoods. This process isolates those individuals who cannot afford to consider relocating to suburban neighborhoods and must remain in certain pockets of the central city