8th Grade SS Call to Freedom chap 20
Terms
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1. Which of the following terms can be used to describe Machine Politics during the Gilded Age:
a. corruption
b. patriotism
c. idealism - State and local politics suffered from CORRUPTION during the Gilded Age. Powerful organizations used illegal methods to control government and grow rich from it.
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Which of the following terms can be used to describe Machine Politics during the Gilded Age:
a. czars
b. employers
c. bosses - The rapid growth of cities in the late 1800s made possible the rise of BOSSED, political leaders who controlled elections through bribery and payoffs.
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Which of the following terms can be used to describe Machine Politics during the Gilded Age:
a. political science
b. analog machines
c. political machines - City bosses developed POLITICAL MACHINES--organizations that guaranteed votes at election time through both legal and illegal methods.
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Which of the following terms can be used to describe Machine Politics during the Gilded Age:
a. Tammany Hall
b. Independence Hall
c. Hall of Fame - New York's political machine, TAMMANY HALL, became widely known throughout the country
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Which of the following phrases describe National Scandals that occurred during the Gilded Age:
a. XYZ affair
b. Whiskey Ring
c. Teapot Dome scandal - During Ulysses S. Grant's second term, government revenue officials were jailed for their part in the WHISKEY RING. They took bribes from whiskey distillers seeking to avoid paying taxes.
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Which of the following phrases describe National Scandals that occurred during the Gilded Age:
a. Crédit Mobilier scandal
b. Watergate
c. Haymarket Riot - The owners of Crédit Mobilier of America gave or sold shares of the company to members of Congress responsible for awarding federal land grants to the railroads.
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Which of the following acts was passed by Congress during the Gilded Age:
a. Indian Removal Act
b. Pendleton Civil Service Act
c. Fugitive Slave Act - The PENDLETON CIVIL SERVICE Act established a merit system controlled by the Civil Service Commission
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Which of the following presidents is NOT considered to be a Gilded Age President:
a. Rutherford B. Hayes
b. James Garfield
c. Abraham Lincoln - The Gilded Age Presidents included, among others, Rutherford B. Hayes and James Garfield.
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Which of the following presidents is NOT considered to be a Gilded Age President:
a. Chester Arthur
b. Thomas Jefferson
c. Grover Cleveland - The Gilded Age Presidents included, among others, Chester Arthur and Grover Cleveland
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Which of the following presidents is NOT considered to be a Gilded Age President:
a. Benjamin Harrison
b. Andrew Jackson
c. William McKinley - The Gilded Age Presidents included, among others, Benjamin Harrison and William McKinley
- "We were a group of reformers in the late 1800s who began working to improve society. Who are we?"
- In the late 1800s a group of reformers who became known as the PROGRESSIVES began working to improve American society
- "We were journalists who wrote about corruption in business and politics, hoping that our work would lead to reform. Who are we?"
- Journalists began writing about corruption in business and politics. They were soon nicknamed "MUCKRAKERS" because they "raked up" and exposed the muck, or filth, of society.
- "I wrote a series of articles criticizing the unfair business practices used by the Standard Oil Company. Who am I?"
- Some muckrakers such as Ida Tarbell became well known for articles attacking unfair business practices. She wrote a series of articles criticizing John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company.
- "Voters use me to choose candidates for public office rather than relying on the choices of party leaders. What am I?"
- Reformers broadened political participation by introducing the DIRECT PRIMARY. This allowed voters to choose candidates for public office directly.
- "Before I was ratified in 1913, U.S. senators were elected by state legislatures. Now they are elected by the voters. What am I?"
- The ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 allowed Americans to vote directly for U.S. senators. They had previously been elected by state legislatures
- Voters use me when they want to remove an elected official from office before the end of his or her term. What am I?"
- Voters who are dissatisfied with an elected official can sign a petition asking for a special vote to RECALL, or remove, that official before the end of his or her term.
- "I give voters the ability to propose laws by collecting a certain number of signatures on a petition. What am I?"
- The INITIATIVE gives voters the ability to propose a new law by collecting signatures on a petition supporting that law. The proposed law is then placed on a ballot at the next election.
- "I allow voters to approve or disapprove laws that have already been proposed or passed by a state or local government. What am I?"
- The REFERENDUM allows voters to approve or disapprove legislation that has already been proposed or passed by a state or local government.
- "I am the program of reforms supported by Robert La Follette, and I became a model for reformers in other states. What am I?"
- As governor, Robert La Follette developed the Wisonsin Idea - a program of reforms to reduce the influence of political machines and to professionalize state government.
- "I thought it was important for children to learn problem-solving skills rather than simply memorize lessons. Who am I?"
- One supporter of early childhood education, John Dewey, was an important philosopher and educator
- _______________ became the leader of the progressive crusade against child labor
- Florence Kelley
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One important goal of the progressives was the creation of the _______________ workday.
a. eight-hour
b. twelve-hour - Many progressives supported the eight-hour workday.
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In 1911, 146 workers died at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory when they could not escape from the building during a _______________.
a. fire
b. bomb explosion - In 1911 the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in New York City was the site of a shocking accident. A fire broke out in the 10-story building and caused the death of 146 workers
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_______________ became the first of many states to adopt workers' compensation laws, which provide money to people who are injured on the job.
a. Maryland
b. Texas - In 1902 Maryland became the first of many states to adopt a workers' compensation law.
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In the case _______________, the Supreme Court ruled that states could not restrict ordinary workers' hours.
a. Muller v. Oregon
b. Lochner v. New York - In Lochner v. New York the Supreme Court ruled that states could not restrict ordinary workers' hours.
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In 1920 there were about _______________ people who belonged to unions.
a. 5 million
b. 500 million - Union membership increased from more than 800,000 in 1900 to about 5 million in 1920
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In the system called _______________, private businesses run most industries, and competition determines how much goods cost and how much workers are paid.
a. socialism
b. capitalism - In the system called capitalism private businesses run most industries, and competition determines how much goods cost and how much workers are paid.
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The _______________, which worked to bring all laborers together into one large industrial union, was founded by socialists and union leaders in 1905 and was led by William D. Haywood.
a. Industrial Workers of the World
b. American Federati - Some socialists and union leaders founded the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) in 1905.