Western Art I 2
Terms
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- Spear Bearer (Doryphoros)
- By Polykleitos. c. 450-440 BCE (Roman copy)
- Nike (Victory) of Samothrace
- c. 180 BCE
- Reconstruction of An Etruscan Temple
- No dates; learn the layout and similarities and differences between the Etruscan temple and Greek temples
- Apollo
- By Master Sculptor Vulca. c 510-500 BCE.
- Burial Chamber, Tomb of the Reliefs
- 3rd Century BCE. Cerveteri, Italy.
- Reclining Couple on a Sarcophagus
- c 520 BCE, Cerveteri, Italy
- term: Hellenistic Period
- 323-31/30 BCE; after the death of Alexander the Great. Empire was ruled by three generals - Antigonus, Ptolemy, and Seleucus. Artists shifted from an idealized form to a more realistic, individual, and specific style.
- term: Tuscan order
- Similar to a Greek order. Bases, column shafts, and capitals resemble Doric or Ionic order, and entablature resembles Doric friezes.
- term: terra cotta
- baked clay
- term: sarcophagus
- coffin
- Pont du Gard
- 1st century BCE. Nîmes, France. Aqueduct.
- Augustus of Primaporta
- Early 1st century CE. Possible copy of a 20 BCE bronze.
- Ara Pacis
- 13-9 BCE. Rome, Italy.
- House of the Vettii
- 1st century CE. Pompeii, Italy. Rebuilt in 62-79 CE.
- Initiation Rites of the Cult of Bacchus, Villa of the Mysteries
- c 60-50 BCE. Pompeii, Italy.
- term: aqueduct
- A long sloped structure designed to bring fresh water from miles away.
- term: concrete
- building material that can be poured and hardened; Romans invented
- term: arch
- a semicircle on top of a wall opening
- term: keystone
- the top center stone of an arch that locks the curved stones on either side together.
- term: voussoir
- wedge-shaped blocks used to form an arch
- Arch of Titus
- c 81 CE. Rome, Italy
- Spoils from the Temple of Solomon
- Relief on Arch of Titus. 81 CE. Rome, Italy
- Flavian Amphitheater (Colosseum),
- 70-80 CE. Rome, Italy.
- Column of Trajan
- 113-116 or after 117 CE. Rome, Italy.
- Pantheon
- c 118-128 CE. Rome, Italy
- term: forum
- A wide-open gathering area, usually the center of commerce in Roman cities
- term: triumphal arch
- A huge, single standalone arch made in commemoration of a victory or triumph.
- term: composite order
- Column order; similar to Corinthian.
- term: continuous narrative
- A narrative that progresses across an entire span with no clear distinctive separation, such as the continuous spiral on the Column of Trajan
- term: drum
- The huge, thick walls supporting the dome ceiling
- term: coffers
- Sunken panels in the dome ceiling
- term: oculus
- Central opening in the ceiling
- Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius
- c 176 CE.
- The Tetrarchs
- c 300 CE.
- Arch of Constantine
- 312-315 CE. Rome, Italy.
- Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine
- 306-313 CE. Rome, Italy.
- term: porphyry
- a purple-colored rock, similiar in properties and symbolic meaning to Diorite. Very hard to carve.
- term: basilica
- large rectangular building, often with a clerestory, side aisles, a center nave, and an apse at one or both ends.
- term: nave
- center room in a basilica
- term: apse
- a semicircular section at the end of a nave
- Menorahs and Ark of the Covenant
- 3rd Century. Rome, Italy.
- The Mosaic Floor of the Betha Alpha Synagogue
- By Marianos and Hanina. 6th Century. Galilee, Israel.
- The Good Shepherd, Orants, and the Story of Jonah
- Late 3rd to early 4th century. Ceiling of the Catacomb of SS. Rome, Italy.
- Old St. Peter's
- Rome, Italy
- term: catacombs
- underground tombs/graves
- term: lunette
- semicircular areas framed by arches
- term: Edict of Milan
- 313 CE; Constantine, as gratitude for the flaming cross vision, granted religious freedom in the Roman Empire.
- term: transept
- a wing that crosses the nave in front of the apse
- term: orant
- A worship pose with the arms bent and hands facing upward.
- Church of Santa Sabina
- c 422-432. Rome, Italy
- Church of Santa Costanza
- c 350. Rome, Italy
- Harvesting of Grapes
- c 350. Ambulatory Vault, church of Santa Costanza, Rome, Italy.
- Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus
- c 359. Vatican, Rome, Italy.
- Oratory of Galla Placidia
- 425-426. Ravenna, Italy.
- The Good Shepherd
- 425-426. Oratory of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy.
- term: spoils
- Items and loot brought back from conquered peoples
- term: central-plan church
- Built around a center apse rather than the nave.
- term: ambulatory
- A sort of hallway-section surrounding an apse or altar.
- term: barrel vault
- series of arches creating a tunnel
- term: tesserae
- the tiles used in mosaics
- term: typology
- relationship between the Old and New testaments
- Church of Hagia Sophia
- By Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus. 532-537. Istanbul, Turkey.
- Church of San Vitale
- 520. Ravenna, Italy.
- Christ Enthroned, Flanked by Angels, St. Vitalis, and Bishop Ecclesius
- 547. Church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy
- Emperor Justinian and His Attendants
- 547. Church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy.
- Empress Theodora and Her Attendants
- 547. Church of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy.
- The Transfiguration of Christ with Sant’Apollinare, First Bishop of Ravenna
- 6th century. Church of Sant'Apollinare. Classe, Itale.
- term: Constantinople
- Capital of the Eastern Roman Empire
- term: Justinian
- Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire from 527-565
- term: gallery
- balconies overlooking the naos
- term: pendentive
- concave, spherical triangles between arches that rise upward and inward to form a circular opening where a dome rests
- Rebecca at the Well from the Vienna Genesis
- Early 6th Century.
- Virgin and Child with Saints and Angels, Monastery of St. Catherine.
- Second half of 6th century. Mount Sinai, Egypt
- Cathedral of St. Mark
- 1063. Venice, Italy.
- term: encaustic
- A painting medium using pigments mixed with hot wax.
- term: icon
- An image representing a sacred figure.
- term: iconoclasm
- Banning or destruction of images, especially icons and religious art.
- also learn your greek orders again
- got it?