history of architecture vocabulary
Terms
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- Early Christian Style
- The architectural period following the official recognition of the Christian Church by the Roman government.
- Normanesque or Roman Style
- The Medieval architecture based on Roman design.
- Gothic Style
- A period and Style in Western Europe characterized by pointed arches and steep roofs.
- crypt
- An underground vault, especially in a church, often used for burial.
- Latin Cross
- The Western Christian Cross with a tail longer than the top and arms.
- cruciform
- Floor plan in the form or shape of a cross.
- nave
- The main section of the church, where the worshippers stand or sit.
- transept
- The part of a cross-shaped church that extends at right angles to the nave. (The arms of the cross.)
- crossing
- The area of a cross-shaped church, where the nave and transept cross.
- choir or quire
- The section of the church where the choir sings.
- apse
- A semi-circular or polygonal projection of a church.
- aisle
- A passageway separated by an arcade, running parallel to the nave of a church
- archade
- A row of arches and supporting columns.
- ambulatory
- A place for walking; the aisle in a cathedral
- bay
- The area between columns, piers, or buttresses
- Pier
- Same as a column but without its details and proportions
- rib
- A projecting band on a ceiling or vault.
- bracket
- An angle-shaped support.
- vault
- A celing constructed on the principle of an arch. An arched roof.
- boss
- A projecting ornament at the intersection of ribs in the Medieval church.
- triforium
- A gallery above the arches of the arcade in the nave of a church.
- clerestory window
- Window placed at the top of the wall or in the highest story of the nave or choir of a church.
- mullions
- A vertical dividing piece in an opening, especially a window.
- lancet
- A narrow, pointed arch window.
- tracery
- A term used to describe the lacelike ornamentation in stone or woodwork of Gothic design, often seen in windows.
- stained glass
- Colored and clear glass set into patterns and hung in front of windows or used as the window glazing itself sandwiched between plain glass.
- came
- The lead strips used to secure the pieces of glass in leaded or stained glass windows.
- buttress
- A structure built against a wall to strengthen it.
- flying buttress
- An inclined brace that spans from the wall to a supporting abutment and receives the outward thrust of the wall.
- leaded glass
- Glass windows made of small pieces held together with lead caming to form a pattern.
- casement window
- A side-hinged window that swings in or out.
- timber-framed
- a frame of heavy timbers used as the structure system for a building.
- infill
- Materials used to fill the space between the timber frame of a building.
- nogging
- Brickwork used as infill between timber framing.
- slate roof
- A roof covered with thin sheets of stone, used like shingles.
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The Gothic style grew out of the Romanesque (called Norman in England),
when? - It first appeared in France before the middle of the twelfth century, reached its height in thirteenth-century France and England, and endured to the beginning of the fifteenth century in central Italy and even later in Spain and northern Europe.
- In a Gothic church, the ambulatory is:
- the aisle that runs in an arc around the apse.
- A medieval residential roof material made of bundles of reeds is:
- thatch
- Casement windows open
- outward with a hinge mechanism and are typical of seventeeth century houses.
- casement windows
- open outward - typical of 17th century houses.