World History II Key Terms Midterm Study Guide
Terms
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- War Guilt Clause
- in treaty of Versailles; declared germany and austria responsible for WWI; ordered Germany to pay reparation to Allied powers
- Natural Rights
- rights people are born with; John Locke believed that before society was organized, humans lived in equality and freedom and had natural rights
- Suleimaniye Mosque
- built for Suliman; Istanbul, Turkey; created to follow 4 of 5 pillars
- Printing Press
- Created by Johannes Gutenburg
- "The King's Great Matter"
- The divorce of King Henry VIII from his wife, Catherine of Aragon
- trade union
- improved working conditions
- viceroyalties
- FIND
- forbidden city
- chinese imperial palace; 980 buildings of marble; Ming dynasty; worlds largest surviving palace complex; Beijing, China. home of emperor; ceremonial and political center
- Per capita
- "for each person"
- protectorate
- a political unit that depends on another government for its protection
- sovereignty
- power of the nation
- Anabaptists
- believe infant baptism isn't valid; children can't commit to a religious faith; did not bear arms; believed civil gov. belonged to the world and sinners should be excommunicated
- Industrial Capitalism
- economic system based on manufacturing; new social group "Industrial Middle Class"; consisten of men that built factories and bought machines
- Enclosure Movement
- contributing factor to the Industrial Revolution; law that allowed landowners to fence off common land; drove the peasants off the land; created abundance of laborers in Britain
- Geocentrism
- the sun revolves around the Earth instead of the Sun in a perfect circle; popular belief before heliocentrism; supported by the church; disproved by Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei
- philosophes
- french leaders of the revolution; writers, professors, journalists, and social reformers; middle class and nobilty
- Mobilization
- process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war
- Cottage Industry
- great surge in cotton in Great Britain; production took place in individual rural homes; was phased out when technology advanced
- 5 Pillars of Islam
- 1. Hajj -- Pilgrimage to Mecca; 2. Alms -- giving to the poor; 3. Prayer -- praying 5 times a day; 4. Fasting -- during the month of Ramadan; 5. One God -- No god but Allah, Muhammad is his profit
- Realism
- rejected romanticism; sought to portray lower and middle class how it was
- standardization
- clocks; arabic numerals; printing press; compass; rise of vernacular, new techniques in art; shading
- Ming Dynasty
- Ruled china almost 300 years; fell to the Qing dynasty
- Heliocentrism
- modern belief of the sun being the center of Galaxy; planets revolve in ellipses around sun; brainchild of Nicolaus Copernicus; later revised by Galileo, Johannes Kepler, Isaac Newton; and Albert Einstein; not accepted for many years
- Renaissance Ideals
- innovative creative techniques; focus on individual genius and human potential; Based on economics
- socialism
- society owns and controls production
- affluence
- wealth
- Paris Peace conference
- a conference between the US, France, and Britain; Germany wasn't invited; France wanted huge reparations, land, and to disband the German army; US wanted a league of nations; Great Britain wanted land and reparations from Germany but not as much as france
- Schlieffen Plan
- 2 front war with France and Russia; small portion of German army would go against Russia; the rest would invade france; invaded france through belgium, a neutral country; caused Britain to declare war on Germany
- Laissez-faire
- the belief of Adam Smith that the state should not interfere in the economy
- Heliocentrism
- the theory that the sun is the center of the universe
- Chiaroscuro
- light/dark in a painting
- Bourgeoisie
- middle class group comprised of merchants, bankers, manufactures, lawyers, doctors, and journalists; didn't wanted to abolish nobility but wanted to better their own positions; drawn to Enlightenment; disliked the rigid social system
- Bill of Rights
- set forth Parliament's right to make laws and taxes; jury trial; right to keep arms; signed by Mary and William of Orange
- Cocoa
- product of the New World; used as a natural stimulant; used as currency
- Charles V's Palace
- Granada, Spain; home to Charles V
- Tenochtitlan
- Capital city of the Aztecs; now Mexico City
- Potosi
- silver mining town; means fortune in spanish
- Stalemate
- Trench warefare cause 4 years of stalemate