Unit 11 Theology: Islam
Terms
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- Muslim
- translated as "one who submits".
- Muhammad
- the founder of the Islamic faith.
- Hijira
- the year of Muhammad's emigration, and marks the first year of the Muslim calendar.
- Medina
- the city of Yathrib
- Caliphate
- leader of the united Muslims.
- Sunni Muslims
- believe that the Muslim leader or the caliphate, could only come from the Quarayish tribe.
- Shiite Muslims
- believe that the divine leadership could only pass to direct relatives of Muhammad.
- Hadith (Sunna)
- a collection of traditions and sayings assigned to Muhammad by other scholarly followers.
- Iman
- an infallible interpreter of Islamic doctrine and rituals, to whose pronouncements all Shiites must adhere.
- Islam
- the second largest religion in the world. The literal meaning of the term Islam is submission .
- Allah
- an immediate and constant presence, cognizant of every persons deeds and thoughts, and is aware of those who follow Allahs commands and those who do not.
- Final Judgement
- on this day, each person will be judged by his or her acts.
- Paradise
- a garden watered by running streams.
- Mullahs
- often referred to as clergy.
- Forgetfulness
- a key element in the Muslim interpretation of the Fall from perfection in the Garden of Eden.
- Cosmic Qur'an
- the world is another form of revelation of Gods will.
- Science
- as a means of knowing more about Allahs perfect creation.
- Umma
- the community of all Muslims that transcends the boundaries of race, ethnicity, language, or other cultural facts.
- Shari'ah
- divine law.
- Shahada
- the Profession of Faith
- Prayer Rug
- a rug used to pray on
- Minaret
- tower that is on every mosque.
- Muezzine
- who the call of chant is spoken in Arabic by.
- Mosque
- house of prayer for Muslims
- Mihrab
- a semi-circular recess that sets the direction of prayer.
- Ramadan
- a month of fasting each year.
- Battle of Badr
- the first important military success in 624 C.E. for Muhammad and his followers.
- Hajj
- a pilgrimage to Mecca during a person's lifetime.
- Mecca
- located in Saudi Arabia.
- Ishmael
- Abraham's son.
- Hagar
- one of the people expulsed from the Jewish faith.
- Kaaba
- the central place of devotion.
- Abraham
- built the original Kaaba and a house of worship on this site with the help of his son, Ishmael.
- Black Stone
- believed to be the only remnant of the house of prayer built on the site by Abraham.
- Waters of Zamzam
- outside the Kaaba, but within the confines of the Sacred Mosque. It is the well by which Hagar and Ishmael drank while in the desert.
- Veil
- some Muslim require that women cover every part of their body, and hide their face behind a veil. Others define veiling simply as covering the hair while in public.
- Polygamy
- the Quran technically allows it, but sets limits.
- Repudiation
- a man can divorce his wife simply by stating, I divorce you three times.
- Shaikhs
- Sufi masters.
- Sufism
- this mystical movement professes that the truth can only be found through personal experience culminating in God.
- Surahs
- chapters of the Qur'an.
- Qur'an
- the most important Islamic document. It is written in Arabic and there is only one Arabic version.
- Jihad
- means utmost effort.
- Masa
- commemorates Hagars run back and forth searching for water.
- Iman2
- an individual with religious training who is learned in the Quran.
- What are the three central themes in Islamic faith?
- First, Allah has NO physical attributes. The second is centered on the Final Judgment. Third, there is no church.
- the Shariah divides actions into five categories:
- obligatory, recommended, indifferent, disapproved, and forbidden.
- the five pillars of faith
- They are the profession of faith, daily prayer, alms-tax, fasting during the month of Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
- Purpose of Muhammad?
- One, he was to bring the one God and Gods book of truth to the Arabians, a pagan people who had no scripture and no knowledge of divine truth; and two, correct the errors and falsehoods into which earlier people of the book -Christians and Jews-had fall
- What does it take to be recognized as a Muslim?
- To be recognized as a Muslim, all one has to do is recite the Shahada, or the Profession of Faith: There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God.
- Identify the four major books of the Islamic faith in their order of importance.
- The Quran", the Sunna , the Qiyas , the Ijma.
- What are the three points of contention between Islam and the Western world?
- divorce, polygamy, and the wearing of the veil.
- Describe the Mosque and the correct procedure of prayer inside the Mosque.
- Congregational prayer in a mosque is required only on Fridays at midday and on two major religious holidays. Only men are required to attend the mosque. Originally, the Muslims prayed on the Sabbath like the Jews; however, once Muhammad was convinced tha