US History: WWI to WWII Potpourri
Terms
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- SEC
- Acronym: Commission that enforces T-i-S act and Wall Street laws
- Triple-entent
- Alliance between UK, Russia and France established 1894, 1904, 1907
- A Cool Million
- Depressing book by Nat West in which a man loses all money
- London Economic Conference
- Conference in 1933 subverted by FDR's attempts to protect US dollars from deflation
- Arabic
- Passenger-liner sunk in August 1915
- Mahan
- Wrote "The Influence of Sea Power"
- Sacco and Vanzetti
- 1921 case where Italian archanists are executed under circumstantial evidence order SV
- Herbert Hoover
- Secretary of Commerce, facilitates (not regulates) business
- Neutrality Acts of 35-37
- Three successive acts that outlaw trade, travel and loans with belligerents (need years, omit leading 19)
- War Powers Act
- Act that grants emergency executive powers to president to run war effort
- NRA
- Acronym: Administration that has blue eagles, sets up codes of competition
- Bernard Montgomery
- British commander of WWII
- Battle of Coral Sea
- May 7th, 1942 battle where ships never see each other, halts Japanese advance
- Cairo Conference
- November 1943 conference between US, UK and Jiang Jieshi about unconditional surrender of Japan
- Truth-in-Securities Act
- Reform act that cleans up Wall Street, forerunner to SEC
- London Conference
- July 1942 conference, results in second front in Africa
- Five Power Treaty
- Treaty that establishes 5:3:1 battleship ratio between US, Japan and France
- Ezra Pound
- Poet author of "Hugh Selwyn Mauberley" on postwar crisis
- CCC
- Acronym: Military-style corp of young men who travel around to do heavy work
- Battle of Midway
- June 3-6, 1942 battle, Nimitz wins due to superior intelligence, turning point
- American Liberty League
- League lead by Al Smith (bumped out by FDR) believing that there was too much government intervention
- WPB
- Acronym: Manages resources, conservation and production during WWII
- Sussex Pledge
- Agreement in which Germany ceases submarine warfare if British stop mining North Sea
- Conscription Act
- June 5, 1917: Act that drafts people with two lotteries
- Ernest Hemingway
- Author of "Old Man and the Sea", "The Sun Also Rises", "A Farewell to Arms" and "For whom the Bell Tolls"
- Kellog-Briand Pact
- 1928 pact that outlaws war but allows self-defense
- September 1, 1939
- Date WWII began with German invasion of Poland
- Sinclair Lewis
- Author of Main Street and Babbit, lampoons mid-west and conformity
- Indian Reorganization Act
- Act that partially repeals Dawes Act, "New Deal" for the Indians
- Langston Hughes
- Poet Laureate of the Weary Blues
- Casablanca Conference
- January 1943 conference between FDR and Churchill that produces Unconditional Surrender doctrine
- Office of Price Administration
- WWII Office that installs price controls on essential items to prevent inflation
- Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact
- Non-agression treaty between Germany and Russia
- 1936
- Election year, Roosevelt v. Landon
- 1924
- Election year, Coolidge (Republican) v. LaFollette (Democrat) v. John Davis (Ohio)
- Herbert Hoover
- Leads Food and Fuel Administration
- Albert Fall
- Secretary of Interior under Harding responsible for Teapot Dome scandal
- Four Power Treaty
- Treaty that maintained status quo in Pacific between Japan, US, France and UK
- American Legion
- Patriotic organization of veterans
- June 1940
- Month and Year France falls
- Battle of the Bulge
- December 1, 1944 last ditch effort by Germans to get back to the North sea, Allies defend Antwerp
- Second New Deal
- Legislation covered from end of 1933 - November 1984
- Battle of Verdun
- September 26, 1918: Last US engagement, US fights alone
- William McAdoo
- Secretary of Treasury under Wilson responsible for fiscal policy during WWI
- Andrew Mellon
- Secretary of Treasury under Harding
- John Lewis
- Leader of CIO, helps incite United Mine Workers to strike in 43
- Battle of Chateau-Thierry
- June 4, 1918: first large US battle
- Sussex
- Passenger-liner sunk in March 1916
- AAA
- Acronym: Administration run by President that subsidises farmers, managed by Wallace, levies food processor tax
- Joint Chiefs of Staff
- Highest ranking officer of navy and army, George Marshall
- Nagasaki
- Site of second atom bomb "Fat Man" by Bockscar drop on Japan
- Atlantic Charter
- Joint agreement between FDR and Churchill that defines war aims
- Douglas MacArthur
- US General on Pacific front who moved from south to north after retreating from the Phillipines
- Josiah Strong
- Author of Our Country, on Anglo-Saxon superiority
- Gavrilo Princip
- Assassinates Ferdinand on June 28th, 1914
- Muscle Shoals Bill
- Bills that would allocate funds to dam the Tennessee River and provide employment, is vetoed by Hoover
- Hawley-Smoot Tariff
- Tariff instated in 1930 that imposes the highest tariff ever
- Herbert Hoover
- 31st president from 1929 - 1933
- NRA AAA
- Acts overturned by New Deal (order NA, acronyms)
- McNary-Haughen Act
- Farmer aid act vetoed twice by Coolidge
- Stimson doctrine
- US response to 1931 Japanese invasion of Manchuria
- 1920
- Solemn Referendum, Election Year, Harding v. Cox
- Wilson Clemenceau Lloyd George Orlando
- Big Four at Versaille, initials WCLGO separated by spaces
- WPA
- Administration that creates 8M jobs making roads, buildings, bridges and artistic projects
- Battle of Okinawa
- April-June 1945 Pacfic battle, bloody for Japanese, Nimitz and MacArthur meet up
- 1916
- Election year, Wilson v. Charles Hughes
- Edgar Hoover
- Leader of FBI, begins NARCS during red scare
- TVA
- Acronym: Experimental administration that used government to create jobs and land
- Overman Act
- Act that regulates railroads during WWI
- PWA
- Acronym: Administration lead by Ickes about big jobs: tunnels, bridges, big buildings
- John Steinbeck
- Author of The Grapes of Wrath
- Social Security Act
- 1935 act that establishes pensions and insurance
- PUHCA
- Acronym: Administration that regulates public utility monopolies
- F. Scott Fitzgerald
- Author of the Great Gatsby, ridiculing materialism
- William Jennings Bryan
- Resigns due to Lusitania Notes
- Harry Truman
- 33rd president 1945 - 1953
- Frederick Taylor
- Pioneered scientific management efficiency
- Seattle General Strike
- Strike of entire city to gain back conditions lost at end of war
- WLB
- Acronym: Regulates workers hours, conditions and wages, prevents inflation
- 100 Days Congress
- Litmus test of New Deal, runs March-June 1933 (use digits)
- Emergency Quota Act
- 1921 Act that stipulates only 3% of 1910 immigrants are allowed in
- Franklin Delano Roosevelt
- 29th president from 1921 - 1945
- Johnson Borah
- Leaders of the irreconciliables, order JB
- Francisco Franco
- Spanish dictator who rises into power after Spanish Civil War in 1936
- 1917
- Year Russians close Eastern front after Bolshevik revolution
- DooLittle's Raid
- Suicide attack on Japan on May 7th, 1943
- Warren Harding
- 29th president from 1921 - 1923
- NIRA
- Acronym: Act that establishes National Recovery Administration and Public Works Administration
- June 6, 1944
- Date of D-Day, largest amphibious assault in the history of the war
- Operation Overlord
- Code name for D-Day
- Immigration Act
- 1924 Act that stipulates only 2% of 1890 immigrants
- FERA
- Acronym: Relief agency lead by Hopkins in New Deal
- H.L. Mencken
- Directs American Mercury magazine ridiculing small-town values (initials for first two words)
- April 25, 1945
- Date United Nations is established, in san Francisco
- Battle of Iwo Jima
- March 1945, Pacific battle that, along with the Bulge, assure allied victory
- T.S. Eliot
- Author of "The Wasteland" on the horrors of war (first two words initials)
- Chiseler
- A person who put up an NRA blue eagle without following the codes
- John Pershing
- Leader of the American Expeditionary Force
- Woodrow Wilson
- 28th president from 1912 - 1920
- John Keynes
- Architect of Mixed Economy model, in which Command and Free Market economies are combined
- NYA
- Acronym: CWA for 17-year-olds
- Potsdam Conference
- Conference where Truman, Atlee and Stalin complete post-war agreements. Trinity test is successful during this time
- James Byrnes
- "Domestic President' who heads Office of War Mobilization
- Farmers Mortgage Act
- Act that aids people in mortgage need
- Hopkins Ickes Wallace Farley
- Brain Trust members, order HIWF
- Gerald Nye
- Senator in charge of committee that determines war merchants caused WWI
- Good Neighbor policy
- Reversal of Roosevelt Corallory by Hoover
- September 2, 1945
- Date of V-J Day, when MacArthur accepts Japanese surrender off of the Missouri
- Battle of Marianas Islands
- August 4, 1944 battle, taking them was essential to getting Guam, from where Allied forces could bomb Japan
- Samoa
- Site of tug-of-war with Germany resulting in tri-protectorate
- Edward Hopper
- 1926 artist who painted Early Sunday Morning: personal cityscapes
- Dust Bowl
- Result of 1920s mismanagement of land
- Zimmerman note
- Proposes Mexico-German relations
- First Red Scare
- Period of strong sentiment against Capitalism and Communism
- National Labor Relations Act
- 1935 Act that guarantees the right to Unionize
- Money Industry Spirit People
- Mobilization needs, order MISP, one word spaced
- Harry Daugherty
- Attorney General under Harding who sold illegal liquor licenses and pardons under Harding
- Operation Torch
- Codename for allied invasion of North Africa from Novermber 1942 to September 1943
- Council for National Defense
- Investigative committee established 1916, pre-war planning that wasn't very effective
- March on Rome
- Event in 1922 that displaces King Victor Emmaneul and establishes Mussolini as leader of Italy
- Resettlement Administration
- Administration that helps move farmers away from Dust Bowl stricken areas
- Lusitania
- Passenger-liner sunk off Ireland in May 1915
- Mitchell Palmer
- Attorney General who prosecutes many suspected Communists
- Frances Townsend
- Hyper-liberal who wants large pensions for all retirees
- Henry Cabot Lodge
- Massachusetts senator who called for expansion
- Charles Coughlin
- Hyper-liberal radio messiah, anti-semitic, wants nationalization of Banking System
- Glass-Steagall Act
- Act that sets up FDIC, insurance of bank money
- AFDC
- Acronym: Act that gives aid to families with dependent children, paid for with a withholding tax
- Pearl Harbor
- Purchased in 1887
- AFL
- Labor group that supports war effort (use initials)
- George Marshall
- Lead general of the American army during WWII
- 1928
- Election year, Hoover against Smith (democrat), booming economy makes it a handy victory
- Hiroshima
- Site of first atom bomb drop "Little Boy" by Enola Gay on Japan
- Beer and Wine Act
- Permits production of alcoholic beverages with 3.2%
- Buford USSR
- Russian ship deported in 1919
- Fair Labor Standards Act
- Act that creates minimum wage and maximum hours
- Dawes Plan
- American plan to restructure German debt
- Washington Naval Arms Conference
- Conference held 1921-1922, instance of active isolationism
- War Industries Board
- Board that organizes industry, reduces waste, rations resources, fairly ineffective (plural)
- Triple alliance
- Alliance between Austria-Hungary, Germany and Italy, established 1879 and 1882
- Office of Strategic Services
- Office that organizes intelligence agencies, father of the CIA
- CWA
- Acronym: Administration that establishes smaller daily jobs for winter
- Teheran Conference
- December 1943 conference that begins to arrange D-Day
- Revenue Act
- 1935 act that shifts tax responsibility to wealthy
- Meuse-Argonne Offensive
- Offensive strike by US that gets to St. Mihiel and Verdun, ending WWI
- Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Entangling alliances
- Causes of WWI. Order NIME, spaces inbetween
- Huey Long
- Governor of Louisiana, "Share the Wealth" wants to give $5k to all families
- Chicago
- Site of July 1919 riot angry over shortage of jobs
- Office of Scientific Research and Development
- WWII agency contributes $100Ms to scientific projects like Manhattan, radar, sonar, etc
- fascism racism
- Things Double V minority group wanted to combat (order fr)
- Manifest Destiny
- Idea prevalent from 1840s-1850s associated with Indians, gold and China
- Theodore Roosevelt
- Police commissioner who called for expansion
- 1940
- Election Year, FDR v. Willkie
- REA
- Acronym: Agency that gives power to the poor
- Reservationist Republicans
- Post-WWII group lead by Henry Cabot Lodge opposed to ARticle X
- Battle of Guadacanal
- August 7, 1942 battle with MacArthur, close to Australia
- Fordney-McCumber Tariff
- 1922 high tariff supported by Mellon
- Roosevelt Recession
- 1937 economic downturn caused by sound fiscal policy due to cut spending and higher taxes
- Bracero program
- Labor program between US and Mexico importing workers
- Adkins v. Children's Hospital
- Supreme Court that overturns minimum wage for women
- UNIA
- Group by Marcus Garvey that seeks immigration back to Africa
- Calvin Coolidge
- 30th president from 1923 - 1929
- Pare Lorentz
- American documentary-writer who exposed the New Deal's workings
- 1932
- Election year, Roosevelt v. Hoover
- Nine Power Treaty
- Treaty that establishes open door in China (signed by Western Powers)
- May 8, 1945
- Date of V-E Day
- Bernard Baruch
- Leader of WIB
- Charles Evans Hughes
- Secretary of State under Harding
- Economy Seas Culture Propaganda
- Causes of US entrance into WWI. Order ESCP, spaces inbetween, one word each
- Lever Act
- Sets up Food and Fuel Administration, consolidates industry
- War Labor Board
- Lead by Taft during WWI
- Serbia
- Site where Archduke Francis Ferdinand is assassinated
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- American commander of WWII
- HOLC
- Acronym: Commission that loans money to house owners
- Smith-Connally Act
- Act in response to UMW strike that authorizes government to seize industries that are vital to National Defense (has an a)
- October 29, 1929
- Date the stock market crashed, Black Tuesday
- Korematsu v. US
- Court case that upholds constitutionality of Japanese internment camps
- Yalta Conference
- Conference in Crimea, FDR and USSR make agreements for post-war
- Georgia O'Keeffe
- Aritst of watercolors, flowers, bleak cityscapes, deserts and bones (20s)
- 16
- Number of the amendment that legalizes income tax in 1913
- Ludlow Amendment
- 1937 act that would make war declaration possible only by popular referendum, narrowly defeated
- Emergency Banking Act
- Act that closes banks, and then reopens only good banks
- Monroe Doctrine
- 1823 - Attitude that told Europeans to stay out of Latin America
- The Jazz Singer
- First film to use sound (leading the)
- Rudyard Kipling
- British author of "White Man's Burden"
- John Hay
- Ambassador who called for expansion
- El Alamein
- Site of major battle where pincer attack forces 300k Germans to surrender
- Charles Forbes
- Director of Veteran's Bureau, scandal from stealing money
- Frank Lloyd Wright
- Pioneering architect of "form follows function"
- George Creel
- Propagandist in charge of Committee of Public Information
- John Davis
- Ohian compromise candidate between McAdoo and Smith
- Quarantine Speech
- Speech that marks turning point in US policy from isolationism to interventionism
- Zoot Suit Riots
- Californian riots as farmer migrations displace Hispanics
- FHA
- Acronym: Administration established by NHA that gives money for housing mortgages
- Potsdam Declaration
- Warning to Japan of "prompt and utter" destruction
- Office of War Information
- Manages WWII propaganda to censor bad accounts and make war look good