IDs
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Al Hakim
- Crazy, destroyed Holy Sepulchre, provoked Crusades
- Ramadan
- Muslim holy month, celebrating the arrival of the Qu'ran, and appreciating what they have; they fast during this time
- Mutazilites
- School of theology formed in Basra in the 8th century, used reason and Greek philosophy
- Seveners
- Shi'ite sect that believes there are 7 Imams
- Hijra
- Withdrawal of Muslims to Abyssinia (615) and Medina (622)
- Shi'ite
- Believe that Ali was Muhammad's successor, and in the Mahdi
- Harem
- Women's quarters, where the wives stayed
- Al Mamoun
- Abbasid Caliph, Persian; had a conflict with his Arab brother, Al Amin
- Abu Bakr
- Close friend of Muhammad, first Caliph (632-634)
- Fiqh
- Islamic jurisprudence, rulings by the Ulama
- Sufi
- Dialectical mystic tradition in Islam
- Omar Abdel Rahman
- Sheikh that gave religious approval for the 1993 WTC bombing
- Dome of the Rock
- Mosque in Jerusalem where Muhammad ascended to heaven, and where Muslims first prayed to
- Tarek
- Ummayad general who entered into Spain; Gibraltar named after him
- Druze
- Religious group that considers themselves Muslims, incorporate Gnosticism
- Ibrahim
- Patriarch of the semites, father of Ishmael
- Faqih
- An expert in Islamic jurisprudence
- Charles Martel
- French leader who defeated Muslims in 732 at Battle of Tours, stopped Muslim expansion into Europe
- Muezzin
- Man who calls Muslims to prayer
- Al Mansur
- Abbasid Caliph, built Baghdad
- Mihrab
- Niche in the Mosque indicating the direction to Mecca
- Uthman
- Third Rashidun Caliph, expanded empire and made the Qu'ran
- Yathrib
- Medina; where Muhammad and his followers fled in 622 to escape the Quaraysh
- Ummah
- The Muslim world, community
- Saladin
- Second greatest Muslim general, a Kurd; took back Jerusalem
- Scheherezade
- Queen from "The Book of One Thousand Nights"
- Sunni
- Believe that Abu Bakr was Muhammad's companion
- Gabriel
- Angel that gave Muhammad his revalations
- Seljuk
- Turkish dynasty that ruled from the 11th to the 14th centuries
- Mongols
- Steppe people, took over in 13th century
- Kharijites
- The Partisans, split from Ali out of frustration with him
- Almoravid
- Berber dynasty
- Fatimid
- Dynasty that ruled from 910 - 1171; built Cairo as their capital
- Mamluks
- Slave peoples that became powerful military caste, taking control in India and Baghdad
- Bibi Sharbanoo
- Husayn's wife; fled to Qom, Iran
- Fatima
- Daughter of Muhammad, Ali's wife
- Shariah
- Muslim holy law
- imam
- Religious leader
- Vizier
- Advisor to the caliphate, like a Prime Minister
- Mahdi
- The last Imam for the Twelvers, believe that he disappeared but will return to save them
- ihram
- State of cleanliness a pilgrim must enter into before making pilgrimage
- Nabatean
- Early civilization in Arabia, before Muslims
- Sunnah
- The way of the prophet
- Khadija
- Muhammad's first and favorite wife
- Umayyad Dynasty
- (660 - 750) Founded by Muawiya, first dynasty in Islam
- Byzantine
- Eastern half of the Roman empire after it split in 2; capital at Constantinople
- Aishah
- Daughter of Muhammad, fought Ali
- Sabaen
- Early civilization in Arabia, before Muslims
- Umar
- Second Rashidun Caliph, took Iraq, parts of Persia, Syria, North Africa
- Minaret
- Tower from which the muezzin calls Muslims to prayer
- Kufa
- Iraqi city between Karbala and Najaf, Ali's capital
- Haroun al Rashid
- Abbasid Caliph, regarded as best; made many scientific and cultural advancements
- Hussayn
- Ali's son, fought Yazid and was killed; wife went to Qom
- Ulama
- The religious scholars who decide on issues of Muslim law
- Ali
- Muhammad's cousin, fifth Caliph; killed by the Kharijites
- Imam
- Religious and secular leader; leader in "all aspects of life"
- Kaaba
- Where Muslims pray toward, the cube rock
- Ibadites
- Early sect of Islam that is dominant in Oman. Very conservative
- Madrassa
- Muslim religious and secular schools
- Hassan
- Ali's son, had 100 wives; Mua'wiya bought him out
- Chador
- Black cloak worn by some Muslim women
- Isnad
- List of successive narrators for a story, reaching back to the original narrator
- Al Abbas
- Founder of the Abbasid dynasty; relentlessly pursued the Ummayads
- Pope Urban II
- Provoked crusades, "God wills it!"
- Zamzam
- Ishmael's mother, Hajera, fled with Ishmael when he was a baby, and needed water. The ZamZam well appeared and saved them
- Tawhid
- Turkish word for the unity of God
- Qiyas
- Analogical reasoning; source of Shariah law
- Riddah
- Apostasy
- Hadith
- Muhammad's teachings
- Ashura
- Traditional fasting dating back to Moses
- Sinbad
- Sinbad the Sailor, a part of "Arabian Nights"
- Night Journey
- (621) - Muhammad made a journey to Jerusalem where me ascended to heaven and met Allah
- Bilal
- Slave that was freed by Muslims, converted to Islam, became first muezzin
- Moor
- Berbers, Muslim people that invaded Spain
- Al-Amin
- Abbasid Caliph, brother to Al Mamoun; Arab
- Qiblah
- Direction of prayer
- Quraysh
- Tribe that controlled Mecca, persecuted Muslims
- Suq
- Commercial quarter
- haram
- Protected zone
- Amr
- Mua'wiya's General, extended Islam into North Africa, founded Fustat in 640
- Muhajireen
- The immigrants. Muslims who fled with Muhammad to Medina
- Al Bukhari
- Collected the Hadiths
- Wahabi
- Traditionalist sect in Saudi Arabia, religious direction for Sunni militant movement
- Twelvers
- Shi'ite sect that believes there are 12 Imams, and that the final one, the Mahdi, will come back
- Caliph
- Leader of the Muslim state
- Bedouin
- Arab nomads