Comparitive Religions Exam
Terms
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- nonviolence, everything is Brahman
- ahimsa
- nomads who moved into India and began Hindu relligion
- Aryans
- different states of Brahman
- avatar
- epic poem of feuding families
- Bhagavad Gita
- form of yoga trying to get closer to something (Brahman)
- Bhakti yoga
- the creator
- Brahma
- infinite reality of all beings (everything is this)
- brahmin
- caste stystem composed of Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaishyas (merchants), shudras (survants), Harijan (untouchables)
- Varna
- mothergoddess (many forms)
- Devi
- duty in life (most important)
- dharma
- belief in two opposing forces
- dualism
- embodiment of feminine energy and form of Devi
- Durga
- elephant head and human body...lost head in accident
- Ganesh
- most popular form of yoga, postures, positions, harmonizes and purifies body
- Hatha Yoga
- believe many gods exist, pray to only one select group of gods
- Henotheism
- 1st history of Hinduism-gods created and established
- Vedic Period
- 3rd history of Hinduism
- Classical Period
- 4th history of Hinduism-muslims take over
- Midevil Period
- 5th history of Hinduism-today
- Modern Period
- festival of water
- Holi
- largest gathering of people anywhere, ones every four years Hindu holiday
- Kumbh Mela
- celebrate trimurti
- Navaratri
- Hindu holiday, New Year, festival of Lights
- Diwali
- practiced ahimsa for rights of Indians
- Gandhi
- yoga of knowledge, implementing knowlege in your life
- Juana Yoga
- Devi's evil aspect, "the dark one", destroys evil
- Kali
- the substance that holds your soul down because of doing bad things
- Karma
- aspect of Devi, goddess of Light
- Lakshmi
- Hindu temple
- Mandir
- a form of yoga, chanting and reciting from the Vedas
- Mantra Yoga
- liberation from reincarnation, supreme end, enlightenment
- moksha
- the belief that thought, matter, energy are all the same
- monism
- the belief in only one god
- Monotheism
- A statue of a Hindu god
- murti
- sacred symbol of Hinduism, vibrations
- Om
- belief that god is in all things
- Panentheism
- the worship of many gods
- Polytheism
- Offering to a Hindu god
- puja
- the 4 aims of Hinduism including moksha, dharma, artha, kama
- Purusharthas
- all the Yogas together
- Raja Yoga
- the most important of the Vedas, 1000 hymns to gods
- Rig Veda
- state of reincarnation in Hinduism
- samsara
- philosophical material, holy book
- Upanishads
- the book the Bhagavad Gita is apart of
- Mahabaharata
- sect of Hinduism who things Vishnu is the true god, most popular branch (80% of Hindus)
- Vaishnavism
- the oldest books of Hinduism, 4 basic books
- Vedas
- sect of Hinduism that believes only Shiva is the true god
- Shaivism
- word for female power/energy in Hinduism, also a form of Devi
- Skakti
- Hindu denomination devoted to the worship of the goddess or divine female power
- Shaktism
- matter that the jiva gets attached to, bad
- Ajiva
- founded Jainsim through ascetic lifestyle
- Mahavira
- belief that the world cannot be understood in Jainism
- Anekantavada
- 24 original founders of Jainism
- Tirthankara
- rejection of self to clear mind
- ascetics
- holy books of Jainism
- Agamas
- the three types of creation stories
- duality, life out of death, cyclacle times
- four common themes among supernatural beings
- the creator, opposite of creator, start to become more human, gosd become in chargeof certain parts of life
- the son is usually associated with ___; the moon is usually associated with ______
- head god, males; counterpart, female
- the most common disaster in religions
- flood
- believe the world has reated multiple times (creation theory)
- cyclacle worlds
- common elements in nature (usually links with direction)
- earth, wind, water, fire
- answers reason to misfortune
- karma, punishment, Pandora's box, trickster
- answers reason for death
- punishment, fulfills destiny
- reason why people believe in soul
- something that makes you who you are, brings you to afterlife
- most popular Jainist holiday, laymen acting like monks,
- Paijusana
- three duties of Sihkism
- pray, work, give
- long hair and beards (5 k's)
- kesa
- comb (5 k's)
- Kangha
- short trousers (5 k's)
- kacha
- steel bracelet (5 k's)
- kara
- steel daggar (5 k's)
- kirpan
- 1st Guru of Sikhism, founder
- Nanak
- 2nd Guru of Sikhism completed establishment of Amristar its capitol, completed book of Sikh scripture
- Grur Arjan
- 3rd Guru of Sikhism, military focused in order to resist oppression
- Guru Har Gobind
- 4th Guru of Sikhism, last Guru
- Gobind Singh
- Sikhs resist British oppression, many killed
- Amritsar Massacre
- Tibetan New Year
- Losar
- holiday that celebrates beginning of Buddha's teachings
- Dharma day
- holiday commemorating Buddha's death
- Parinirvana
- six of seven large feats of Zoroastrianism
- Gahanbars
- 7th feast of Zoroastrianism
- Noruz
- holiday-birth of Zoroaster
- Greater Noruz
- Jewish period of worship starting from Sat. sundown
- Sabboth
- Jewish new year
- Rush Hashanah
- Jewish day of atonement
- Yom Kippur
- Jewish holiday celebrating plague passing over houses
- Passover
- Jewish thanksgiving harvest
- Shavuot
- person accredited for the basis of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
- Abraham
- Combination of all Jewish holy books
- Tanakh
- five books of Moses, believe written by Abraham, genesis, leviticus, numbers, deuteronomy, exodus
- Torah
- whos the coolest gal on earth????
- STEFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
- Jewish prophets' works
- Nevi'im
- Jewish book of wisdom; lit and history
- Khetuvium
- Holy book of Zoroastrianism
- the Avesta
- oldest section of the avesta, contains gathas
- The Avesta
- Zoroatrianism-commontarise on old Avesta, myths, stories observances
- Younger Avesta
- Zoroatrianism-book of rituatls
- Nasks
- Zoroatrianism-the only book left from the Nasks
- Vendidad
- the large collection of Buddhist holy books (3 baskets), never been altered
- the Triptika
- one part of the triptika, written by monks
- the vinaya pitaka
- Buddhas teachings, one part of the triptika
- Sutta Pitaka
- one part of the triptika, philosophy and teachings
- Abhidamma Pitaka
- the Holy book of Sikhism, the forever living guru
- Granth Sahib
- Hindu book of moral/ethical ideas
- Law of Manu
- no known founder for this religion, oldest organized religion
- Hinduism
- What is religion?
- Definition of higher power, base of morals--in return for something in the future
- who's religion uses a raised hand with a swastika?
- Jainism
- this founder of a religion was born a prince, gave up this lifestyle to find happiness, lived ascetic lifestyle to clear mind and become a better person through extreme lifestyle
- Mahavira - Jainism
- this religion has two swords to represent worldy and spiritual powers; double edge sword to represent one god; and a circle for community (khanda)
- Sikhism
- which religion has a dharma wheel to symbolize cycle of life and 8 fold path
- Buddhism
- Originally Siddhartha, when he saw suffering and sickness for the first time(he was sheltered), try to find why people suffered. resolved to ascetic lifestyle but caused too much suffering, so found Middle Path
- Buddha - Buddhism
- symbol for this religion is a man looking right (for good), with bottom half "bird like" called Farohar
- Zoroastrianism
- founder of this religion, was a priest of polytheistic, visted by Amensha Spentas revealing belief in one god
- Zoroaster
- major symbol for this religion, star
- Magen David - Judaism
- process of harnessing nautre, "miracle"
- magic
- stories used to explain the world and the gods (morals)
- myth
- group connects itself to an animal
- totem
- honoring past family members
- ancestor veneration
- belief of spirits in all things
- animism
- trying to figure out nature by predicting the future
- Divination
- rituals that recognize religious responsibility (birth, marriage, puberty, death)
- Rites of Passage
- common things that all relgious people take part in (recreate history)
- ritual
- forbidden behavior
- taboo
- beginning of religion, burying dead with tools, flowers,food etc, surround graves with bear skulls
- Neanderthal religion
- buried dead with ornaments, bones painted red, skeleton in fetal position, art
- Cro-Magnon religion
- symbol of a fish..represents this religion
- ichthys - Christianity
- symbol of martyrdom of Christ..represents this religion
- cross - Christianity
- symbol of Jesus's death, not often used by Protestants..represents this religion
- crucifix - Christianity
- cross representing sign over jesus and slanted bar: heaven and hell..represents this religion
- Crux orthoxa - Christianity
- staff with "x" cross..represents this religion
- Chi Rho - Christianity
- believed to be the savior of Christianity, born in Bethlaham, grew up in Nazareth, died and rose to the dead, virgin birth
- Jesus
- a symbol representing concept of dualing elements..represents this religion
- Taijitu (yin yang) - Taoism
- founded this religion, visited by Gabrial and revealed revelations about God
- Muhammad
- cresant moon and star is a symbol for this religion...does not believe in icons/symbols
- Islam
- founded this religion, had a low level job in the Chinese government, created it to counter leagalism
- Confucius - Confucianism
- credited for major influence of this religion, came during Era of Warring states
- Laozi - Taoism
- direct word of God writtin in Arabic, holy book of this religion
- Qur'an - Islam
- Friday worship in Islam
- Juma
- end of Ramadan
- Eid ul Fitr
- End of Hajj
- Eid ul Adha
- Holy period in Islamic year, includes a month of fasting
- Ramadan
- holy book for this religion, contains Tanakh and gospels
- Bible - Christianity
- Jesus dies
- Good Friday
- Jeusus born
- Christmas
- Jesus rises
- Easter
- collection of Texts, most important book of religious Taoism
- The Daozang
- The book of the way, the most common book of Taoism
- Tao Te Ching
- the four holy books of Confucianism
- Great learning, doctrine of the mean, analects, Mencius
- Sikh holy capitol
- Amritsar
- Sikh holy temples
- gurdwara
- the five Sikh vices
- lust, greed, attachment, anger, pride
- the idea of non-extremes of any one thing because attachment causes suffering (desire)
- The middle way
- the four noble truths
- acknowledge suffering, realize desire causes suffering, stopping desire (nirvana), ending desire/suffing (8 fold path)
- the 3 Jewels/Fefuges of Buddhism
- dharma, budda, sangha
- 5 precepts of buddhism
- the "do nots"; do not kill, do not lsteal, do not lie, do not be unchaste, do not consume alcohol
- collection of all Buddhist monks
- Sangha
- structure/temples symoblizing Buddhist teachings
- Stupa
- Buddhist ceremonial giving
- Dana
- Buddhist prayer beads
- mala
- buddhist multi-tiered place of worship
- pagoda
- Buddhist moral discipline
- sila
- Zoroastrianism 3 core beliefs/values
- good deeds, good works, good thought
- Zoroastrianism view of fire
- sacred, represendts purity, came from natural gases in Prsia
- Zoroastrian initiation ceremony
- sedren
- Process of Zoroastrian laying out the dead
- body on tower to be eaten by vulture
- the Zoroastrian God
- Ahura Mazda
- Ahura Mazda's evil counterpart
- Angra Manu
- The view of Zoroastrian goodness/halo.
- Asha
- The empire that made Zoroastrianism official religion
- Achaemenians
- The Zoroastrian promised savior
- Saoshyant
- Which conquerors reformed Zoroastrian calendar and unified church?
- Sasanians
- First priest of Judaism, helped Moses lead slaves out of Egypt
- Aaron
- Holy men of Sikhism
- Udasis
- The Sikh brotherhood
- Khalsa
- Sikh views of God
- no gender, no form, everyone is equal before god, strives for relationship
- Sikh origin
- no agreed origion, has many hinuism and islam aspects, founded by gurus
- Buddhist lifestyle
- strive to be good person, no supernatural belief, perform dana ($) and sila (accepting buddhist teaching)
- Things buddhists and hindus have in common
- reincarnation, karma, dharma
- Strict Buddhist sect
- Theravada
- Less extreme of Buddhist sects
- Mahayana
- Buddhist sand art to represent cosmos
- Mandala
- Iranian Branch of Zoroastrianism
- Gabars
- Indian branch of Zoroastrianism
- Parsis
- This man's army killed many Zoroastrian priests hurting the religion
- Alexander the Great
- Zoroastrianism was an influence on these religions ___
- Christianity, Judaism, Islam
- Most conservative Jewish sect, cannot change God's word
- Orthodox Jews
- Liberal Jewish sect, word of God "inspired"
- Reformed Jews
- Man who rejected father's polytheistic religion, God promised him kingdom if he left, named changed, married Sara
- Abraham
- Man who established Jerusalem
- David
- Who are Jews who desparately want and fight for a homeland?
- Zionists
- Son of Abraham and Sara almost sacrificed
- Isaac
- Jewish tradition of placing a scroll outside of home
- Mezuzah
- Jewish shawl of prayer warn over the shoulders
- Tallit
- Jewish garments to remind Jews of God's commandments
- Tefflin
- 1054 this happened to create catholics and orthodox
- Great Schism
- Founded by Martin Luther, says pope has no authority, salvation by faith alone
- Protestants
- Monk who tried to reform Catholic Church, translated Bible
- Martin Luther
- When kings have power of king and pope
- Caesaropapism
- 7 sacraments
- baptism, penance and reconciliation, euchrist, anointing of sick, confirmation, holy orders, holy matrimony
- "free interpretation of the bible"
- The Solas
- What is pietism?
- Stress on the emotional and personal aspects of religion
- What is evangelism?
- Zealous preaching and dissemination of the gospel
- What is pentecostalism?
- being any of various Christian religious congregations whose members seek to be filled with the Holy Spirit
- What is Fundamentalism?
- The practice of strict biblical lifestyles
- Founded Presbyterianism
- John Calvin
- Started Inquisition and Catholic reforms
- Henry 8
- First pope
- Peter
- Colletion of Muhammad's sayings
- Hadith
- 5 pillars
- recite allah is god, pray 5 times, directly giving $ to the poor, fasting during Ramadan, trip to Mecca
- to take up sword to protect Islam, can be personal, verbal, physical, try to avoid fighting
- Jihaad
- More mystical branch of Islam
- Sufi
- The branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors of Muhammad. (Abu Bakr-friend of Muhammad)
- Sunni
- A member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali and his descendants as the legitimate successors to Muhammad and rejects the first three caliphs. Follow Ali (son-in-law)
- Shia
- Successor of the prophet Muhammad
- Caliph
- Any Islam leader
- Imam
- Muslims that call people to prayer
- Muezzin
- although his criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church led to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther
- Erasmus