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Global Regents #10

Terms

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Maria Teresa
An enlightened Despot who ruled the Austrian Empire.
Khmer Rouge
A group of communist guerillas in Cambodia during the late 20th century, led by Pol Pot, that gained control of Cambodia after the withdrawal of American troops from the Vietnam War. The initiated a reign of terror, killing over a million people to remove all western influence from the country. This gross violation of human rights ended when Vietnam invaded and occupied the country in 1979.
judicial
Relating to a system that administers justice
Judaism
Judaism is the oldest known monotheistic religion still practiced in the world today. Its fundamental teachings have been influential and are the basis for more recently developed religions such as Christianity and Islam. Judaism teaches that there is one God who is the creator of all things.
Louis XVI
King of France between 1774 and 1792. He was overthrown during the French Revolution and later beheaded
Marshall Plan
Economic aid from the United States used to rebuild Europe after World War II. Named after United States Secretary of State George Marshall.
Louis XIV
Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles
middle class
Social and economic class usually composed of merchants, artisans, and business people. In some societies, the richest class, but without a title of nobility. The middle class is usually the backbone of society as they are generally more moderate in their economic, social, and political habits.
Maurya Dynasty
Dynasty that united most of India under the rule of Chandragupta Maurya. Its greatest ruler, Asoka, converted to Buddhism and was instrumental in its spread.
Marco Polo
Italian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period.
Kabuki theatre
Feudal Japanese theatre that performed comedic or melodramatic presentations of everyday life or historic events
mandate
A territory that was given to a European nation to administer by the League of Nations following the end of World War I.
Middle Ages
Time period in European history between the fall of Rome in 476 C.E. and the beginning of the Italian Renaissance in the early 15th century
merchant
A person who sells goods or services. A member of the middle class in most societies.
Islam
The word Islam, which when translated from Arabic, means "to submit to the will of Allah," is the youngest of the world's major religions. Worshippers of this monotheistic religion are known as Muslims, which means "one who submits to the will of Allah." The Islamic holy book is called the Qur'an.
legislative
Relating to a system that makes laws
Kurds
Ethnic group that lives in parts of Iraq and Turkey. They often suffer persecution in both countries, and are currently under the protection of the United Nations in Iraq.
Mecca
Emperor of Japan from 1867 to 1912. He was responsible for the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the rapid modernization and industrialization of Japan.
King Leopold
King of Belgium who began imperialistic trade inside of Africa which resulted in the Scramble for Africa.
Long Parliament
English Parliament which met off and on for twenty years due to religious and civil problems. Occurs during the English Civil War.
militarism
Political policy that is dominated by the military and the competitive buildup of arms
lay investiture
The creation of a Bishop by a non church official, usually a feudal lord.
liberty
In the political sense, this usually means freedom
mercantilism
The policy of building a nation's wealth by exporting more goods than it imports. Colonies are instrumental in this policy as they supply their parent nations with raw materials that are used to produce finished goods, and then exported back to the colonies. Colonies not only served as a source for the raw materials, but also as an exclusive market for the parent country
Long March
March the Mao Zedong and his Communist Party underwent to avoid being captured and killed by China's Nationalist Party.
migration
The mass movement of people from one area to another.
karma
Actions in this life resulting from the consequences of a previous life's actions. Associated with Hinduism and Buddhism
Kana
Japanese writing system adapted from Chinese, with the addition of phonetic symbols representing syllables
Mali
One of the west African Trading Kingdoms. They were rich in gold and established a vast trading network across the Sahara desert. Greatest ruler was Mansa Musa, who converted to Islam and made a famous pilgrimage.
latitude
Lines of equal distance measured north and south of the equator.
massacre
The killing of large numbers of people
Islamic fundamentalists
Muslims who believe the Quran to be a literal guide to political, social, and religious life.
Meiji Restoration
The restoration of the Emperor Meiji to power in Japan, overthrowing the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868.
jihad
Effort in God's service waged by Muslims in defense of the Islamic faith
irrigation
A system to bring water to support crops
messiah
According to the Hebrew Bible, an anointed king who will lead the Jews back to the land of Israel and establish justice in the world. According to the Christians, the Messiah was Jesus Christ.
Mexican Revolution
A political revolution that removed dictator Porfirio Diaz, and hoped to institute democratic reforms. While a constitution was written in 1917, it was many more years until true change occurred.
Kaiser Wilhelm
King of Prussia and Emperor of Germany whose political policies led his country into World War I. He was forced from power when Germany lost the war
mass production
The manufacturing of products on a large scale, usually through the use of machines.
market economy
An economy based on free trade and supply and demand.
Korean Bridge
The term given to process in which cultural diffusion occurred between China and Japan though Korean contact with both civilizations
Joseph II
The son of Maria Teresa and a enlightened despot who ruled over the Austrian Empire.
Korean War
A war between North Korean, which was supported by both the Soviet Union and communist China, and South Korea, which was supported by the United States and the United Nations. The war occurred between 1950 and 1953 and ended in an armistice and original borders.
Latin America
The Geopolitical designation for Central and South America and the Caribbean Islands which were settled by the Spanish.
Middle East
Geo-Political designation of the area stretching from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the western side of the Indian subcontinent. Consists of countries such as Israel, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt.
matriarchal
A society or political/social system in which women hold the power
Mayans
A Mesoamerican civilization of Central America and southern Mexico. Achievements include mathematics, architecture, and a 365 day a year calendar. They flourished between the 4th and 12th centuries C.E..
longitude
The curving distance east or west of the prime meridian that stretches from the North Pole to the South Pole
Mestizos
In colonial Latin America, Spanish/Native America who were denied basic political, economic, and social rights due to their mixed heritage
Kublai Khan
Grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty in China

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