Medicinal and Diagnostic Applications
Terms
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- herpes simplex viruses
- a class of double-stranded DNA viruses that infect neurons.
- alkaline phosphatase
- enzyme linked to an antibody in ELISA testing
- semisynthetic antimicrobial drugs
- chemical modification of naturally occurring antibiotics. increased resistance and more easily absorbed by body
- elastase
- digests the elastic tissue of the alveoli leading to the lung disease emphysema
- stem cells
- unspecialized cells that renew themselves for long periods through cell division
- cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR)
- chloride ion channel protein, moves chloride ions out of the cell
- pro-insulin
- insulin precursor, undergoes post-translational modification to produce functional insulin
- actinomycetes
- source of many antibiotics (streptomycin, erythromycin, and the tetracyclines)
- photolithography
- technique used to fix DNA samples to a chip
- insulin-dependent diabetes
- pancreatic cells do not produce enough insulin, as a result, glucose builds up in the blood and tissues
- b-lactoglobulin
- milk protein, promoter of gene used to express AAT in mammary gland cells
- alpha-1-antitrypsin (ATT)
- human protein synthesized in the liver and found in the blood stream. inhibitor of protease enzymes, produced in genetically modified sheep
- emphysema
- break down of elastic tissue of the alveoli
- monoclonal antibodies
- created by the fusion of b-cells and a tumor cell - hybridomas
- liposome
- artificial lipid sphere containing an aqueous core capable of transporting DNA through the target cell's membrane
- retroviruses
- create double-stranded DNA copies of their RNA genomes.
- conjugate antibody
- enzyme-antibody combination used in ELISA testing
- secondary anitbody
- enzyme-antibody combination used in ELISA testing
- DNA microarrays
- small solid supports onto which the sequences from thousands of different genes are attached at fixed locations
- adenoviruses
- contain double-stranded DNA genomes that cause respiratory, intestinal, and eye infections in humans
- severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)
- affects the immune system, unable to produce white blood cells
- humulin
- first genetically engineered product approved for medical use
- antibiotics
- antimicrobial compounds produced by living organisms and used therapeutically, and sometimes prophylactically
- horseradish peroxidase
- enzyme linked to an antibody in ELISA testing
- primary antibody
- antibody attached to the solid support in ELISA testing.
- cytochrome P450
- set of liver enzymes that metabolize drugs and other substances
- human growth hormone (HGH)
- human protein made by pituitary gland, cloned and an artificial cDNA gene inserted into E.coli.
- ELISA
- Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay, procedure can be used to detect the presence of antibodies against a particular antigen in an organism's serum
- probe
- spots on DNA microarray (chips)
- adenosine deaminase (ADA)
- cannot produce white blood cells without this enzyme
- adeno-associated viruses
- small, single-stranded DNA viruses that can insert their genetic material at a specific site on chromosome 19
- cystic fibrosis
- caused by a mutation in the CFTR gene on chromosome 7. causes sticky secretion of mucus from epithelial tissue cells
- chromogen
- colorless substrate that is capable of forming a colored product
- target
- specially marked sample of cDNA sequence
- obligonucleotides
- short fragment of single-stranded DNA that is typically 5 to 50 nucleotides long