New Testament Study Guide
This is the study guide for New Testament Exam #2. Good luck everyone!
Terms
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- Agrapha
- sayings of Jesus recorded outside the four Gospels. (Greek for "unwritten")
- 'The Hallel'
- hymn that brings the Passover liturgy to a close
- Mark-Q documentary hypothesis
- Matthew and Luke based most of their narrative on Mark, which drew most of Jesus' sayings / teachings from a lost document designated Q, and added distinctive material of their own. Q is thought to be an early collection of Jesus' sayings with minimum of narrative.
- Lex talionis
- law of retaliation "an eye for an eye"
- 'we'-sections (Acts)
- Since Luke and Acts must come from the same auther, we deduce Luke's authorship of Luke-Acts from the fact that he is the only one of Paul's traveling companions mentioned in the Pauline Letters who could have written the "we"-sections of Acts. All others are excluded by the impossibility of harmonizing their geographical movements accords to the Letters with the geographical movements in the "we"-sections of Acts.
- 'I am' sayings (from fourth gospel)
- "I am the bread of life" / "I am the light of the world" / "I am the door" / "I am the good shepherd" / "I am the resurrection and the life" / "I am the way and the truth and the life" / "I am the true vine"
- Judaizer
- Jewish believers and their Gentile followers who hold to the teaching that Gentile believers must submit to circumcision or they cannot be saved. In other words, Gentile believers must come into the church under the same terms that govern the entrance of Gentile proselytes into Judaism
- Areopagus
- The city council, which licenses teachers
- Nunc Dimittis
- Simeon's praise of God is called the Nunc Dimittis (after the opening words in the Latin Vulgate for "Now dismiss").
- Sufficient Testimony (Mosaic Law)
- Mosaic law says that a sufficient testimony requires at least two witnesses. That they carry his authority with them is shown by their having to take no baggage: others will have to provide for the apostles as though the apostles were Jesus himself.
- Magnificat
- Mary's hymn of praise is traditionally called the Magnificat (after opening word for "magnifies" in the Latin Vulgate). Theme of justice for the poor, hungry, and oppressed.
- 'Mystery' of the kingdom
- Consists in the open secret that before God fully imposes his rule on earth when Jesus comes back, believers enjoy its future blessings in advance. Jesus taught from both present and future forms of the kingdom.
- Paraclete
- The Holy Spirit in his roles as Comforter, Counselor, and Prosecutor
- Mammon
- "money" (Aramaic for "wealth")
- Command to take one's cross
- "Cross" does not mean a whole cross, which would be too heavy to carry, but the cross mean which victims often have to carry to their place of execution as crowds lining the way hurl abuse at them. So taking one's cross and following Jesus means exposing oneself to abuse by open discipleship
- blood and water (from Jesus)
- The outpour of water is like the offering to give the living water of the Holy Spirit. The blood is associated with the blood of the Passover sacrifice, making Jesus such a sacrifice. It is the work of salvation given him by his Father that Jesus pronounces finished.
- Kingdom (2 meanings of the term)
- 1. a sphere of rule 2. the activity of ruling.
- Phrases that modify the kingdom
- "of God" and "of heaven" modify this term. The phrases are synonymous. Parallel usage occurs in the same passage.
- Jerusalem Council
- To keep the ideal community intact. Set up decrees that tell Gentile Christians to avoid setting up barriers to social interchange with Jewish believers.
- The Ascension
- When Jesus ascends into the clouds
- Abba
- Originated as a child's stammering "dadda" or "daddy". (Aramaic for "father") Jesus' consciousness of uniquely divine sonship expressed itself also in his use of the word.
- Kerygma
- common pattern in the sermons of the early chapters in Acts. (Greek for "proclamation" or "preaching")
- 'Johannine thunderbolt'
- Because it sounds much like statements in the Gospel of John concerning the relation of Jesus to God. (Matt 11:25-27 is sometimes called this)
- 'fishers of human beings'
- Getting people to repent, healing the sick, and casting demons out of the possessed.
- Via Dolorosa
- Means "the way of sorrow". Luke describes the leading of Jesus away as a procession in which Simon the Cyrenian carries the cross behind Jesus and a large multitude of people and of mourning women follow.
- Gospel of Thomas
- This so-called gospel offers sizeable collections of Jesus' sayings, some of which look almost exactly like those recorded in the canonical Gospels. It reflects a largely corrupted tradition concerning the words of Jesus.
- Sitz im Leben
- German for "situation in life". Gospels tell us more about that of the early church than of Jesus.
- Logia
- Refers to a gospel. (Greek for "oracles")
- 'Antitheses'
- Jesus contrasts his teaching with that of the Old Testament, not by way of denying that teaching, as the traditional designation "Antitheses" implies, but by way of escalating it to a level toward which it was already tending.
- Reasons for parables
- 1. To obscure the truth judgmentally from outsiders, who have not responded in faith to his plain speech. 2. With interpretation to clarify, the truth rewardingly for insiders, who have responded in faith to his plain speech.
- Apologetic of Mark's Gospel
- Marks takes the form of stressing Jesus' power to work miracles, cast out demons, to teach astonishingly, to best opponents in debate, to attract crowds, to predict the future (including his own fate), and to rise from the dead. As an apology, then, Mark's Gospel is designed to convert non-Christians despite the same of the cross.
- 'The way"
- It is the first name used for Christianity, though we do not know. Some ideas: as a reference to the way of the Lord prepared by John the Baptist? As a reference to the way of the cross? As a reference to the way of righteousness? As a reference to Jesus, the way of salvation?
- Last words of Jesus
- "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing" / "I tell you truly, today you will be with me in paradise" / "Woman, look - your son! .. Look - your mother!" / "I am thirsty" / "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" / "It is finished" / "Father, into your hands I commit my spirit"
- 'The treasury'
- a hall in the temple where gifts are deposited in thirteen receptacles shaped like trumpets.
- 'Saul' to 'Paul' switch
- Acts 13:9 +
- Ethical monotheism
- belief in one God of love and righteousness who acts redemptively and judgmentally in history according to his covenantal relations
- Sign of Jonah
- The sign of Jonah the prophet is Jesus' spending three days and three nights in a tomb just as Jonah spent three days and three nights in the belly of a sea monster. The limit of three implies the resurrection.
- Apostle
- connotes being sent to act with the sender's own authority
- Beatitudes
- Promises compensation at the Last Judgment for disciples who follow them
- Women in Jesus' geneaology
- Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, Bathsheba / Mary.
- seventy-two
- Since ancient Jews counted the number of nations in the world at seventy-two, Jesus' appointment and sending of seventy-two other messengers ahead of him probably symbolize the worldwide evangelistic mission of the church.
- Logos
- "Word". Jesus is the revelatory Word (logos) of God