Apologia Biology: Module 2
Terms
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- pathogen
- an organism that cause disease
- saprophyta
- an organism that feeds on dead matter
- parasite
- an organism that feeds on a living host
- aerobic organisms
- organisms that require oxygen
- anerobic organisms
- organisms that don't require oxygen
- steady state
- a state where members of a population die as quickly as they're born
- exponential growth
- population growth that is unhindered because of abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population
- logistical growth
- population that is controled by limited resources
- plasmid
- small circular section of extra DNA that gives one or more traits to a bacterium & can be reproduced seperatly from main bacterial genetic code
- conjugation
- temporary union of two organisms to transfer DNA
- transformation
- transfer of DNA segment from a nofunctional donor(dead) cell to a functional recipient cell
- transduction
- The process where infection by a virus results in DNA being transferred from one bacterium to another
- edospore
- the DNA & other essential parts of bacterium coated w/ several hard layers
- stains
- organisms from same species, that have markebly different traits
- capsule
- layer of sticky sugars that surround cell wall of bacterium, & deters infection fighting agents
- cell wall
- holds contents of bacterium together, & shapes bacterium
- plasma membrane
- made of phospholipids and proteins, regulates what the bacterium takes in from outside world
- cytroplasm
- fluid inside cell that supports DNA and ribosoms
- fimbriae
- fibrous bristles used for grasping, either for adhering to surfaces, or sex pili when used for grasping other bacteria for reproduction
- flagellum
- looks like a tail, used like a outboard moter to propel bacterium
- ribosomes
- produce complicated chemicals called proteins
- chemosynthesis
- process where bacteria uses chemical reactions to produce energy, then use it & other chemicals to produce food
- binary fission
-
asexual reproduction for bacterium:
1. bacterium creates another DNA loop
2. cell wall elongates, pulling DNA loops apart
3. then bacterium seperate into two identical bacterium - genetic recombination
- bacteria exchange genetic information to increase genetic diversity of population
- Gram stain
- a way of staining samples to make microorganisms show up better, absorbed through cell wall
- Gram-positive
- blue color reaction, restained stain
- Gram-negative
- red color reaction, didn't restain stain
- Phylum Gracilicutes
-
Gram-negative,
Class Scotobacteria- non-photosynthetic
Class Anoxyphotobacteria- non-oxygen producing photosynthetic
Class Oxyphotobacteria- oxygen producing photosynthetic - Phylum Firmicutes
-
Gram-positive,
Class Firmibacteria- bacilli or cocci
Class Thallobacteria- all but bacilli or cocci - Phylum Tenericutes
-
bacteria lacking cell wall,
Class Mollicutes- only class in phylum - Phylum Mendosicutes
-
bacteria w/ exotic cell wall,
Class Archaebacteria- only class in phylum - Kinds of Bacterium
- Coccus(sperical), Bacillus(rod shaped), Spirillum(spiral shaped)
- pathogen
- an organism that cause disease