Apologia Biology Module 6 Second Edition
Terms
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- Cell wall
- A rigid substance on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells
- Central vacuole
- A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution which contains a high concentration of solutes
- Chromoplasts
- Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis
- Cytoplasm
- A jelly-like fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
- Cytoskeleton
- A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell keep it's shape, and aids in movement.
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes which perform several tasks within a cell
- Golgi bodies
- The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell
- Ions
- Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons
- Intermediate Filaments
- Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments.
- Leucoplasts
- Organelles that store starches or oils
- Lysosome
- The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions which break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids
- Microfilament
- fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoplasm.
- Middle lamella
- The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells
- Mitochondria
- The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy
- Phagocytic vacuole
- A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs
- Pinocytic vesicle
- Vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules
- Plasma membrane
- The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and either the cell wall or the cell's surroundings
- Ribosomes
- Non-membrane-bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum
- ER that is dotted with ribosomes
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- ER that has no ribosomes
- Secretion vesicle
- Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released
- Waste vacuoles
- Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion
- Chromatin
- Clusters of DNA and proteins in the nucleus
- Nuclear membrane
- A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
- Microtubules
- Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a rope-like structure