Ch 24 Antihypertensive Agents
Terms
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- Drugs that inhibit the function of both central (brain) and peripheral sympathetic postganglionic neurons by depleting their stores of norepinephrine and serotonin, resulting in a hypotensive effect. Reserpine is the only currently available drug in this
- adrenergic neuronal blocker
- Drugs that primarily cause arterial and venous dilation through action on peripheral sympathetic neurons.
- alpha1-blockers
- Medications used to treat hypertention.
- antihypertensive agents
- Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle, measured in liters per minute.
- cardiac output
- Drugs that modify the function of the sympathetic nervous system in the brain by stimulating alpha2-receptors, which has a reverse sympathetic effect, causing decreased blood pressure.
- centrally acting adrenergic agents
- An elevated systemic arterial pressure for which no cause can be found and that is often the only significant clinical finding.
- essential hypertension (also called primary or idiopathic hypertension)
- Agents that prevent nerves from responding to the action of acetylcholine by occupying the receptor sites for acetylcholine (i.e., nicotinic receptors) on sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve endings.
- ganglionic-blocking agents
- A common, often asymptomatic disorder in which blood pressure persistently exceeds 140/90 mm Hg.
- hypertension
- The receptor and site for action for acetylcholine in both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. They are located at the junction of the pre- and postganglionic neurins of both of these systems.
- nicotinic receptor
- A common side effect of adrenergic drugs involving a sudden drop in blood pressure when patients change position, especially when rising from a seated or horizontal position.
- orthostatic hypotension
- A drug that is inactive in its present form and must be biotransformed in the liver to its active form.
- prodrug
- Any one of more than 20 alkaloids derived from the root of a climbing shrub; used in the treatment of hypertension in the form of the drug reserpine.
- Rauwolfia alkaloid (from the plant Rauwolfia serpentina)
- High blood pressure associated with several primary diseases, such as renal, pulmonary, endocrine, and vascular diseases.
- secondary hypertension