Antihistimines and antiinflammatories
Terms
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Aspirin like agent
indomethacin -
Indocin
dose: 25-50 mg q8-12h
max 200mg qd -
aspirin like agent
choline magnesium trisalicylate -
Trilisate
dose: 1-1.5 g q12h
max 4g qd -
aspirin like agent
sulindac -
Clinoril
dose: 150-200mg q12h
max 4g qd -
aspirin like agents
meclofinamate -
Meclomen
dose: 50-100mg q4-6h
max 400mg qd -
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)
aspirin -
Bayer
dose: 325 to 1000 mg q4-6h
max 4g qd -
NSAID's
ibuprofen -
Motrin, Advil
dose: 300-800mg q6-8h
max 3.2 g qd -
NSAID's
naproxen -
Aleve
dose: 275-500mg q12h
max 1.25g qd -
NSAID's
Naproxen sodium -
Anaprox
dose: 250-500mg q12h
max 1.5 g qd -
NSAIDS
ketoprofen -
Orudis
dose: 12.5-75mg q6-8h
max 300mg qd -
NSAID's
flubiprofen -
Ansaid
dose: 50-100mg q6-12h
max 300mg qd -
NSAID's
ketorolac -
Toradol
dose: 15-60mg q6h (IM or IV)
10mg q6h (po)
max 120mg qd (IM, IV, or po) -
NSAIDs
fenoprofen -
Nalfon
dose: 200mg q4-6h
max 3.2g qd -
NSAIDs
oxaprozin - Daypro
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NSAIDs
nabumetone -
Relafen
dose: 1g q12-24h
max 2g qd -
NSAIDS
etolodac -
Lodine
dose: 200-400mg q6-12h
max 1.2g qd -
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
(COX-2) inhibitors
celcoxib -
Celebrex
dose: 100-200mg q12-24h
max 400mg qd -
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
(COX-2) inhibitors
valdecoxib - Bextra
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Corticosteroids
prednisone -
Deltasone
ind: for the treatment of a wide variet of diseases such as adrenocortical insufficency and respiratory, GI and neoplastic diseases. also used for allergic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
given on tapered dosing schedule so body will make glucocortiroids again.
route: po tab, sol, syr. -
Corticosteroids
methylprednisolone -
Solu-Medrol, Medrol
ind: antiinflammatory or immunosupressive agents used to treat a variet of diseases; also used after bone marrow transplants
route: inj as acetate or sodium succinate; tab dose pack, with tapered dosing -
Bronchodilators (Asthma Agents)
short acting beta-2 agonist
metaproterenol -
Alupent
adult dose: 1 puff po q4h
route: po, inh
action: relaxes bronchial smooth muscle. specifically affects beta-2 sites -
bronchodilators (asthma agents)
triamcinolone acetonide -
Azmacort (inhalant), Aristocort (top), Kenalog (aerosol), Nasacort (nasal)
ind: adreanocortical insufficency, rheumatic disorders, allergic states, respiratory diseases and other diseases requiring antiinflammatory or immonosuppressive effects; nasal spray: treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis; inhalation control of bronciahl asthma and related broncho-spastic conditions
route: tab, syr, aerosol, spray, inj as acetonide, diacetate, or hexacetonide
shake well -
corticosteroid (asthma agents)
flunisolide -
AeroBid
adult dose: 2 sprays in each nostril bid
route: nasal
action: inhibits certain enzymes that are responsible for inflammation stabilizes lysosomal membranes
shake well -
corticosteroid (asthma agents)
fluticasone -
Flovent
adult dose: 1 puff po bid
route: inh
action: inhibits certain enzymes taht are resonsible for inflammation stabilizes lysosomal membranes -
corticosteroids (asthma agents)
budesonide -
Pulmicort
adult dose: 1-2 puffs po bid
route: inh
action: inhibits certyain enzymes thatere responsible for inflammation stabilizes lysosomal membranes -
1st Generation Antihistimine
diphenhydramine -
Benadryl
action: used to decrease inflammation and irritation from allergens
forms: cap, tab, sol, inj
ind: allergies, sedation
>>drowsiness -
1st generation antihistimine
chlorpheniramine - Chlor-Trimeton
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1st generation antihistimine
cyproheptadine - Periactin
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1st generation antihistimine
clemastine - Tavist
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2nd Generation antihistimine
fexofenadine - Allegra
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2nd generation antihistimine
cetirizine - Zyrtec
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2nd generation antihistimine
loratadine - Claritin
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2nd generation antihistamine
hydroxyzine - Atarax, Vistaril
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Immune Cells
antibodies - antibodies are produced by B lymphocytes in response to an antigen. Memory cells previously produced increas in population to fight off infection. Found in the blood. Can neutralize or destroy antigens in different ways such as by coating or lysing the antigen. They can stimuate phagocytosis and prevent the antigen from adhering to host cells.
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Immune cells
Fibrinogen - a fibrinogen is a globulin found in blood plasma. it helps in coagulating blood.
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immune cells
granulocytes - granulocytes are mature leukocyte cells that contain granules. including neutrophils and other types of immune response cells. granulocytes fight off infection
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immune cells
Leukocytes - Leukocytes are white blood cells formed in bone marrow, including graulocytes and nongranulocytes. Leukocytes fight off infection and tissue damage. they destroy foreign organisms and also clean up damaged cells by phagocytosis.
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immune cells
lymphocytes - lymphocytes are white blood cells formed in the spleen and bone morrow. They adhere to endothelial cells: intensify inflammation by causing direct cell injury and promoting formation of antibodies that increase the inflammatory process
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Immune cells
Monocytes - Monocytes are a large type of leukocytes that eventually become macrophages. Macrophages are one of the first line of defenses in the inflammatory process.
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immune cells
neutrophils - neutrophils are mature white blood cells in the granulocytic series, comprise more than 50% of the leukocytes present in the body. they adhere to damaged site to protect agains infection by destroying infectious microbes; also destroy antigens
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immune cell
macrophage - a macrophage is a large cell called a phagocyte that secrete cytokines. macrophages injest dead tissue, bacterial cells or dying cells.
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steroidal agent
hydrocortisone
" acetate
" butyrate
" cypionate
" sodium phosphate
" valerate
" sodium succinate -
Cortef (po), Hytone (top), Kenalog (aerosol), Anusol-HC (supp), Cortenema (enema), Solu-Cortef (inj)
ind: (po) mgmt of adrenocortical insufficency, relief of inflammation of dermatosis, and adjunctive treatment of ulcerative colitis, supp for hemorrhoids
route: inj, aerosol, ung, cr, lot, tab, sol, syr, susp -
short acting beta-2 angonist
asthma agent
albuterol -
Proventil, Ventolin
ind: bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma
adult dose: 1-2 puffs po q4-6h
route: po, inh
action: relaxes bronchial smooth muscle specifically affects beta-2 sites
>>lightheadedness, increased heart rate -
short acting beta-2 agonists
asthma agent
isoetharine -
Brokosol
ind: bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma
adult dose: 1-2 puffs po q4h
route: inh
action: relaxes bronchia smooth muscle specifically affects beta-2 sites
>>lightheadedness, increased heart rate -
short acting beta-2 agonists
asthma agent
pirbuterol -
Maxair
ind: bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma
adult dose: 1-2 puffs po q6h
route: inh
action: relaxes bronchial smooth muscle specifically affects beta-2 sites
>>lightheadedness, increased heart rate -
short acting beta-2 agonists
asthma agent
epinephrine -
Adrenalin
ind: bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma
adult dose: 1-2 puffs po qid
route: SC, inh
action: relaxes bronchial smooth muscle specifically affects beta-2 sites
>>lightheadedness, increased heart rate -
short acting beta-2 agonist
asthma agent
isoproterenol -
Isuprel
ind: bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma
adult dose: 2-3 puffs po q3-4h
route: inh, IV
action: relaxes bronchial smoothe muscles specifically affects beta-2 sites
>>lightheadedness, increased heart rate -
short acting beta-2 agonists
asthma agent
terbutaline -
Brethine
ind: bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma
adult dose: max 12 qd
route: po, inh, IV
action: relaxes bronchial smooth muscle specifically affects beta-2 sites
>>lightheadedness, increased heart rate -
Corticosteroid
beclomethasone -
Vanceril, Beclovent, Vacenase
adult dose: inh 2 puffs q6-8h
nasal: 1 spray in each nostril qid
route: inh, nasal
action: inhibits certain enzymes that are responsible for inflammation stabilizes lysosomal membranes
shake well -
Anticholinergic asthma agent
ipratopium bromide -
Atrovent
ind: asthma
adult dose: 1-2 puffs bid
route: neb
action: inhibits certain enzymes thate are responsible for inflammation stablilizes lysosomal membranes -
Leukotriene agonist
asthma agent
montelukast -
Singulair
ind: asthma
adult dose: 10mg po qd, 4mg and 5mg chew tabs for peds
route: po, chew tab
action: reduces bronchioconstriction of airways. also given to prevent asthma attacks triggered by allergic antigens if taken before contact is made. blocks leukotriene receptors, stops anaphylaxis
Tk utd -
leukotriene agonist
asthma agent
Zafirlukast -
Accolate
ind: asthma
adult dose: 20 mg po bid
route: po
action: reduces bronchioconstriction of airways. also given to prevent asthma attacks triggered by allergic antigens if taken before contact is made. blocks leukotriene receptors, stops anaphylaxis
Tk utd -
leukotriene agonist
asthma agent
zileuton -
Zyflo
ind: asthma
route: po
action: reduces bronchioconstriction of airways. also given to prevent asthma attacks triggered by allergic antigens if taken before contact is made. blocks leukotriene receptors, stops anaphylaxis
Tk utd -
Xanthine agents
asthma agents
theophylline -
Theo-Dur, Slo-bid
ind: asthma, bronchial disorders
action: works on smooth muscle of bronchioles
route: po, inj
forms: tab, cap, syr, elixir, sol, SRtab, SRcap, inj
Tk c food
do not crush or chew tablets
Tk utd -
Xanthine agent
asthma agent
aminophylline -
Phyllocontin
ind: asthma and bronchiole disorders
action: works on the smooth muscle of the bronchioles
route: po, inj, supp
forms: tab, liq, supp, inj
Tk c food
do not chew or crush tablets
Tk utd -
antiasthmatic and antiallergic agent
cromolyn sodium -
Intal
ind: severe bronchial asthma, prevention of exercise-induces bronchospasm, allergic rhinitis
route: inh, nasal
action: prevents mast cells from releasing histamine. can prevent allergic reactons if taken before contact with the allergen
nasal inhaler avl OTC
forms: inh sol, aerosol spray, nasal sol, cap for inh
shake well