Drug Class - Antihistamines
Terms
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- Names 3 groups of antihistamines?
-
systemic
ophthalmic
topical - Name 13 systemic antihistamines?
-
azatadine
brompheniramine
Accuhist Pediatric
Allent
Bromfed
Dallergy JR
Endafed
Histafex SR
Iofed
Lodrane 12D
Lodrane Liquid
Nalfed
Respahist
Rendec Chewable
cetirizine Zyrtec
chlorpheniramine
Aller-Chlor, Allergy, Chlo-Amine, Chlorate, Chlor-Trimeton, Chlor-Trimeton Allergy 4 Hour, Chlor-Trimeton Allergy 8 Hour, Chlor-Trimeton Allergy 12 Hour, {Chlor-Tripolon}, {Novo-Pheniram}, Pedia-Care Allergy Formula, Phenetron, Telechlor, Teldrin
cyproheptadine Periactin, PMS-Cyproheptadine
desloratidine Clarinex
dimenhydrinate {Apo-Dimenhydrinate}, Calm X, Dimetabs, Dinate, Dramamine, Dramanate, {Gravol}, Hydrate, {PMS-Dimenhydrinate}, {Traveltabs}, Triptone Caplets
diphenhydramine
{Allerdryl}, Allergy Medication, AllerMax, Banophen, Benadryl Dye-Free Alergy, Benadryl Allergy, Benadryl, Compoz Nighttime Sleep Aid, Diphen AF, Diphen Cough, Diphenhist, Dormin, Genahist, 40 Winks, Hyrexin-50, (Insomnal}, Maximum Strength Nytol, Maximum Strength Sleepinal, Midol PM, Miles Nervine, Nighttime Sleep Aid, Nytol, Scot-Tussin Allergy DM, Siladril, Silphen, Sleep-Eze 3, Sleepwell 2-night, Sominex, Snooze Fast, Sominex, Tusstat, Twilite, Unisom Nighttime Sleep-Aid
fexofenadine
Allegra
hydroxyzine
{Apo-Hydroxyzine}, Ataras, Hyzine-50, {Multipas}, {Novohydroxyzin}, Vistaril
loratadine
Alavert, Claritin, Claritin Reditabs
meclizine
Antivert, Antrizine, {Bonamine}, Bonine, Dramamine Less Drowsy Formula, Meni-D, Vergon
promethazine
Anergan, Antinaus, {Histanil}, Pentazine, Phenazine, Phencen-50, Phenergan, Phenergan Fortis, Phenergan Plain, Phenerzine, Phenoject, Pro-50, Promacot, ProMed, Promet Prorex, Prothazine, Shogan, V-Gan - Name 4 ophthalmic antihistamines?
-
azelastine
Astelin, Optivar
emedastine Emadine
levocabastine Livostin
olopatadine Patanol - Name 2 topical antihistamines?
-
diphenhydramine
doxepin
Sinequan, {Triadapin}, Zonalon - What do antihistamines relieve? (2)
-
1. allergies
rhinitis
urticaria
angioedema
2. adjunctive therapy in
anaphylactic reactions - Topical and ophthalmic antihistamines may ______ systemic side effects.
- immunize
-
Which 2 antihistamines are used to treat motion sickness?
(nonallergic condition) -
dimenhydrinate
meclizine -
Which antihistamine is used to treat insomnia?
(nonallergic condition) - diphenhydramine
-
Which antihistaminen is used to treat Parkinson-like reactions?
(nonallergic condition) - diphenhydramine
- Antihistamines block the effects of histamine at the ____ receptor?
- H1
- Antihistamines do not block which 3 things?
-
histamine release
antibody production
antigen-antibody reactions - Most antihistamines have anticholinergic properties and may cause what 4 conditions?
-
constipation
dry eyes
dry mouth
blurred vision
(may also cause sedation) - What 2 phenothiazines have strong antihistamine properties?
-
hydroxyzine
promethazine - Contraindications for antihistamines? (4)
-
hypersensitivity
narrow-angle glaucoma
premature infants
newborn infants - Which age group may be more susceptible to adverse anticholinergic effects of histamine?
- elderly patients
- What 7 conditions might warrant cautious use by patients?
-
pyloric obstruction
prostatic hypertrophy
hyperthyroidism
cardiovascular disease
severe liver disease
pregnancy
lactation - Additive sedation might occur when used with other CNS depressants which include? (4)
-
alcohol
antidepressants
opioid analgesics
sedative/hypnotics - Which inhibitors prolong and intensify the anticholinergic properties of antihistamines?
- MAO
- Assess for which 3 allergy symptoms before and periodically throughout therapy?
-
rhinitis
conjunctivitis
hives - Monitor which 2 vital signs before initiating and throughout IV therapy?
-
pulse
blood pressure - Assess lung sounds and character of _______ secretions.
- bronchial
- Maintain fluid intake of _____ to _____ ml/day to decrease viscosity of secretions.
- 1500-2000 ml/day
- When administering for nausea and vomiting, assess degree of nausea and frequency and amount of ____.
- emesis
- Assess mental status mood, and behavior when administering for ______.
- anxiety
- Observe the character, location, and size of affected area when administering for ______ skin conditions.
- pruritic
- List 3 potential nursing diagnoses?
-
Airway clearance, ineffective
Injury, risk for
Knowledge deficit, related to
medication regimen - When used for prophylaxis of motion sickness, administer at what time?
- 30 minutes and preferably 1 to 2 hours before exposure to conditions that may precipitate motion sickness.
- When administering concurrently with these 2 opioid analgesics supervise ambulation closely to prevent injury secondary to increased sedation?
-
hydroxyzine
promethazine - Inform patient that drowsiness may occur. Avoid ______ or other activities requiring alertness until response to drug is known.
- driving
- Caution patient to avoid using concurrent _____ or CNS _____.
-
alcohol
depressants - What 3 actions might a patient use to help relieve dryness of mouth?
-
good oral hygiene
frequent rinsing of mouth
with water
sugarless gum or candy - Effectiveness of therapy can be demonstrated by? (5)
-
decrease in allergic symptoms
prevention or decreased
severity of nausea and
vomiting
decrease in anxiety
relief of pruritis
sedation when used as a
hypnotic