Anti-Virals
Terms
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Amantadine/Rimantidine
Remember the "A's" -
MOA= blocks viral uncoating --> prevents penetration
(a man to dine must take of his coat)
Also will cause Dopamine Release
Use= Prophylaxis and treeatment for Influenza A
Useful if can't get vaccine
Trt of Parkinsons
Toxic= Ataxia, Dizziness, Slurred Speech - Zanamivir/Oseltamivir
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MOA= Blocks neuraminidase to prevent virion release
Use= Influenza A and B infxn to shorten duration - Ribavirin
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MOA= inhibits synthesis of Guanine
Uses= RSV, Hep C
Toxic= Hemolytic Anemia, Teratogen - Acyclovir
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MOA= Inhibits DNA Polymerase when phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase
Uses= Herpes, EBV
Toxic= Delerium, neurotoxic - Ganciclovir
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MOA= inhibits CMV DNA polymerase
Use= CMV in AIDS pts
Toxic= Pancytopenia, renal toxicity - Foscarnet
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MOA= Inhibits Viral DNA poly and is not activated by phosphorylation
Use= CMV retinitis, acyclovir resistant Herpes
Toxic= Nephro -
Protease Inhibitors in HIV
all end in -navir -
MOA= inhibit new virus formation by preventing protease from cleaving genome
Toxicity= Hyperglycemia, Lipid Abnormalities, Thrombocytopenia -
Nucleoside RTI's
-AZT, Didanosine, Lamivudine
Non-Nucleoside RTI's
-Nevirapine, Delaviridine, Efavirenz -
MOA= inhibit RTase of HIV to prevent incorporation into host genome
Toxic= Bone Marrow Suppression (esp AZT), Lactic Acidosis (nucleosides), Rash (non-nucleosides), Megaloblastic Anemia (AZT), Pancreatitis (Didanosine) - HIV HAART and Pregnancy Prophylaxis
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Combine use of NNRTI/NRTI along with Protease Inhibitor for HIV
AZT used in pregnancy to prevent transmission -
Interferons
alpha
Beta
Gamma -
MOA= block viral DNA/RNA synthesis
Alpha- Chronic Hep B and C
Beta- Multiple Sclerosis
Gamma- NADPH oxidase deficiency
Toxic= Neutropenia