Anth 1
Terms
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copy deck
- normal behavior and thought
- culture
- seperates hominids from all others
-
bipedal locomotion
relatively large brain
extinct and living species - logically self-consistent model or framework for describing the behavior of a certain natural phenomenon supported by experimental evidence
- scientific theory
- systematic and formalized expression of all previous observations made
- scientific theory
- it is predictive, logical, testable, and has not been falsified, although it can be
- scientific theory
- change through time, not progress
- evolution
- change in allele frequencies over time
- evolution
- alternate forms of a gene
- allele
- said christian creation happened in 4004 BC
- bishop ussher
- wrote systema naturae, invented binomial nomenclature (genus species), taxonomy
- carolus linnaeus
- economist, wrote An Essay on the Principle of Population, human population growth is exponential while food supplies remain stable
- thomas malthus
- limiting resources keep populations in check
- thomas malthus
- attempted to explain the mechanism of evolution, inheritance of acquired characteristics, use and disuse
- jean-baptiste lamarck
- giraffe's neck gets longer to reach branches in its lifetime, passes on a longer neck, called this and thought up by him
- inheritance of acquired characteristics, jean-baptiste lamarck
- if you dont need it you wont pass it on, called this and thought up by him
- use and disuse, jean-baptiste lamarck
- interactions between organisms and their environments
- jean-baptiste lamarck
- against lamarck because of fixity of species
- Georges Cuvier
- species were unchanging fixities of nature
- fixity of species
- thought up catastrophism
- Georges Cuvier
- after large extinction, area is restocked with new forms migrating from neighboring regions, called this, thought up by him
- catastrophism, Georges Cuvier
- founder of modern geology
- charles lyell
- uniformitarianism thought up by him
- charles lyell
- geological processes that happened in the past shaped our world to what we see today
- uniformitarianism
- Examples of this are rivers cutting banks, wind moving sand around
- uniformitarianism
- man connected to the deep time theory
- charles lyell
- concept saying the earth must be really old because processes are so slow
- deep time
- independently came up with the idea of natural selection
- darwin and wallace
- mechanism for evolution
- natural selection
- argued that humans and apes are very closely related
- T.H. Huxley
- arugued that human ancestry likely to be in Africa
- T.H. Huxley
- term for: variation is transmitted from parent to offspring
- descent with modification
- Darwin's postulates for NS
-
the ability of a population to expand is infinite, the ability of any environment to support populations is finite.
organisms within populations vary. variation affects ability to survive and reproduce.
variation is transmitted from parent to offspring. - reproductive success, number of offspring
- fitness
- some variations are more advantageous than others, organisms with those variations will be favored and they will have more offspring
- differential fitness
- change in DNA, can be good or bad
- mutation
- came up with survival of the fittest
- herbert spencer
- natural selection acts on the (individual/population)
- individual
- evolution acts on the (individual/popluation)
- population
- type of selection when the curve narrows toward the middle
- stabilizing selection
- type of selection when the curve splits and moves toward the edges
- disruptive selection
- type of selection where the curve shifts one way or the other
- directional selection
- Darwin's bulldog, defended darwin's theory in public
- T.H.Huxley
- Human Kindgom
- animalia
- Human Phylum
- Chordate
- Human Subphylum
- Vertebrata
- Human Class
- Mammalia
- Human order
- Primates
- Human Superfamily
- Hominoidea
- Human Genus
- Homo
- Human Species
- Homo sapiens
- useless structures
- vestigial traits
- intermediate between land and marine animals, ancestor of today's whales and dolphins
- ambulocetus
- himalayan snow lotus--largest ones picked during the flowering period, resulted in smaller plants
- unintentional selection
- one major problem with darwinism
- darwin could not work out how heritable traits were passed on from one gernation to the next
- example: bacteria, blue-green algae
- prokaryote
- cell with no nucleus
- prokaryote
- cell with a nucleus
- eukaryote
- stem cells are this type of cell
- somatic cell
- long condensed strand of DNA
- chromosome
- segments of DNA
- genes
- Genes are located on:
- chromosomes
- pairs of chromosomes
- homologues, homologous pairs
- middle of the chromosome
- centromere
- xx
- female
- xy
- male
- somatic cell replication
- mitosis
- step of mitosis: chromosomes replicate, become sister chromatids
- interphase
- step of mitosis: condense
- prophase
- step of mitosis: align, meet
- metaphase
- step of mitosis: seperate apart
- anaphase
- step of mitosis: division of cell, new cell membrane
- telophase
- different variants of a gene
- allele
- where gene is located on the chromosome
- locus
- both alleles at each locus are the same
- homozygous
- alleles at each locus are different
- heterozygous
- 4 chromatids
- tetrad
- deletions, substitutions, or additions
- point mutations
- meiosis in females in the ovaries is called
- oogenesis
- meiosis in males in the testis
- spermatogenesis
- one chromosome pair is missing
- monosomy
- extra chromosome pair
- trisomy
- monosomy where females only have one X, delay or no sexual maturity, small body, delayed mental maturity, sterile...occurs in how many?
- turner syndrome...1/10,000
- common face and head shape, short stature, characteristic fingerprint patterns, problems with physical and mental development, susceptible to Alzheimer disease
- down syndrome, trisomy 21