biology semester 2 vocab
Terms
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- Cuvier
- brought about catastrophism
- Lyell
- found geologic evidence that the Earth is extremely ancient
- Malthus
- populations outgrow resources
- Miller
- first toobtain indirect evidence that organic molecules could have been formed on the early Earth
- Ediacarren
- peculiar organism shaped like a frond, disk, or blob, maybe what animals evolved from
- stromatolite
-
fossilized mats of shallow-water, microbial communities (mainly cyanobacteria)
tacky gel secretions blocked out UV rays but trapped sdediments; new mats had to form over old ones - cycad
- insects and air currents transfer pollen from "male" plants to "female" plants by way of pollen and seed-bearing cones
- ginkgo
- deciduous
- gnetophyte
- woody gymnosperm; unusual in having vessels in xylem, vine, or shrub
- lignin
- an organic compound synthesized and deposited in cell walls, important in stem development
- lycophyte
- seedless vascular plant with tree-sized ancestors of ancient swamp forests, require free water to complete life cycle; most have leaves, branching rhizome, vascularized roots and stems
- progymnosperms
- one of the earliest plants to produce seeds
- rhizome
- branching, short, mostly horizontal absorptive stems in whisk ferns
- strobillus
- spore-producing structure in lycophytes
- bryophytes
- nonvascular, independent gametophytes, and dependent sporophyte
- dense, irregular connective tissue
- in skin capsules around some organs, functions in support
- loose connective tissue
- under skin and most epithelia, functions in elasticity and diffusion
- dense, regular connective tissue:
- tendons, ligaments, functions in support, flexibility, and is a low-friction surfacefor joint movement
- ecdysone
- a steroid hormone thatt controls molting
- second messenger
- molecule within a cell that mediates a hormone signal by initiating the cellular response to it
- macrophage
- phagocyte; acts in nonspecific and specific responses; presents antigen to T cells and cleans up and helps repair tissue damage
- neutrophil
- fast-acting phagocyte; takes part in inflammation, not in sustained responses, most effective against bacteria
- eosinophil
- secretes enzymes that attack certain parasitic worms
- basophil and mast cell
- secrete histamine nd other substances that act on small blood vessels to produce inflammation; also contribute to allergies
- IgM
- first to be secreted during immune response
- IgD
- associated with IgM on virgin B cells
- IgG
- activate complement proteins and neutralize toxins
- IgA
- enter mucous-coated surfaces
- IgE
- triggers inflammation after attacks by parasitic worms and other pathogens
- ruminant
- a type of hoofed mammal having multiple stomach chambers in which cellulos is slowly broken down