Ch.18 Biology
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Why Classify?
- To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in logical manner
- Binomial Nomenclature
- Two-word naming system first word genus-capitalized, second word genus within spacie lowercase, all italics
- Genus
- A group of closely related species
- Linnaeus' System of Classification
- Uses seven taxonomic categories to group
- Seven taxonomic categories
- Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, specie
- Family
- Genera that share many characteristics
- Order
- broad taxonomic category composed of similar families
- Class
- composed of similar orders
- Phylum
- Several different classes
- Kindom
- Largest and most inclusive of Linn. system
- Evolutionary Classification
- The strategy of grouping organisms together based on their evolutionary history
- Then vs. Now evol. Class.
- Biologists now group organisms into categories that represent lines of evolutionary descent, not just physical similarites
- Derived characters
- Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members
- Cladogram
- Constructed from derived characters, shows the evolutionary relationship among a group of organisms
- DNA and RNA
- The genes of many organisms show important similarities at the molecular level. Can be used as criteria to determine classification
- Molecular Clock
- Uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independantly.
- Six- Kingdom system of classification
- Kindoms Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
- Domain
- More inclusive category than any other, larger than a kingdom
- Three Domains
- Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
- Eukarya is composed of...
- Protists, fungi, plants, and animals
- Bacteria corresponds with...
- Kindom Eubacteria
- Archaea corresponds with...
- Kingdom Archaebacteria
- Bacteria
- Uni-cellular, prokaryotes, contain cell with peptidoglycan, Autotroph&Hetero, ex:E-coli, strep throat
- Eubacteria
- ecologically diverse, ranging from free-living soil organisms to deadly parasites
- Archaea
- Cell wall w/o peptidoglycan, Ex: Metahnogens, halophiles, volcanoes, swamps
- Eukarya
- All systems that have a nucleus
- Protista
- Eukaryote, cell wall w/ cellulose or chloro., most unicellular, auto or hetero Ex: amoeba, paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp
- Fungi
- Eukaryote, cell wall w/ chitin, most multicellular, heterotroph Ex: mushrooms &yeast
- Plantae
- Eukaryote, cell walls w/ cellulose or chloroplasts, multicellular, autotroph Ex: mosses, ferns, flowering plants
- Animalia
- Eukaryote, no cell walls, multicellular, hetero Ex: sponges, worms, insects, fish, mammals
- How many species?
- 1.5 million
- Taxonomy
- to classify organisms with a universally accepted name
- Who developed Binomial nomenclature?
- A swedish botanist named Carlos Linnaeus
- In taxonomy a level of organization is called a...
- Taxon
- What languages are used in assigning scientific names?
- Latin and Greek