Psychologists
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Robert Zajonc
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social facilitation
presence of others helps easy tasks but hinders complex tasks - Donald Hebb
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a medium amount of arousal is best for performance.
Yerkes-Dodson Effect is inverted U curve of arousal vs. performance. - Albert Bandura
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BoBo doll
children who watched adults abuse a blow up doll later did the same. - M. E. Olds
- electrical stim of pleasure centers in brain used as positive reinforcement
- Clark Hull
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Performance = Drive X Habit
ppl will do what worked in the past
Clark Hull. Hull hull hull.
repeat what works to get what you want - E. L. Thorndike
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Law of Effect
People do what rewards them - Kurt Lewin
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Founder of social psychology
field theory = total of influences on human behavior. Life space - Ivan Pavlov
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Classical conditioning
Dogs salivate the sound of footsteps - B. F. Skinner
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operant conditioning
combined Thrndike's and Watson's ideas -
Henry Murray
David McClelland - Ppl motivated by need for achievement
- Neil Miller
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Approach-avoidance conflict
goal has both pros and cons. - John B. Watson
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started behaviorism
everything is stimulus response. Only observable elements are important.
Elementary, my dear Watson. Just observe the behaviors. - Victor Vroom
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applied expectancy-value theory to ppl in large corporations. Ppl low on totem pole don't expect to win incentives so aren't motivated by them.
I'll practice car racing if I think I can win a race. Vroom! - John Garcia
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animals more able to make some associations. Food and nausea are easily connected. Light and nausea are not.
Is the music or the weed more likely to make me sick? (hey, it's just a mneumonic) - Edward Tolman
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Performance = Expectation X Value
Expectancy-Value Theory
ppl motivated by goals they're likely to meet.
also demonsrated animals foming cognitive maps of mazes - concept learning
I enjoy making Tollhouse cookies cuz they're likely to come out right and I've learned the pattern for making them. Tolman - Tollhouse - Morton Deutsch
- prisoner's dilema and trucking company game. Struggle between cooperation and competition
- Fritz Heider
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Attribution theory - how ppl infer the cuases of others' behavior
Balance thery - how ppl make feelings/actions consistent - Lee Ross
- ppl told a believed statement is false ill still believe it if they've explained it to themselves
- Richard Nisbet
- We lack awareness for why we do what we do
- M. J. Lerner
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just world bias.
good things happen to good ppl.
bad things happen to bad ppl.
blame the victim - Ellen Langer
- illusion of control
- Leon Festinger
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cognitive dissonance theory
ppl match beliefs to their actions - Daryl Bem
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Self-perception theory
alternate take on cog dissonance. Ppl base beliefs on their actions when they're unsure of their beliefs - Norman Triplett
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cyclists perform better when paced by others.
First social psychology type experiment