Aerospace Module #5

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A _______ is described as a giant dirty snowball. It is composed of frozen gases, water,______ and icy lumps.: comet, dust
A distinguishing feature of Jupiter is _____ _______ ______ Spot. This spot is a giant storm that is 30,000 miles long and _______ miles wide.: The Giant Red, 10,000
________ is a region beyond the EarthÂ’s atmosphere where there is very little molecular activity.: space
Many people generally agree that space occurs at about _____ miles outward from Earth.: 250
The _________ includes everything, stars, planets, galaxies, animals, plants and humans.: universe
Space is characterized by a lack of __________.: oxygen
Small or low gravity is called ______________.: microgravity
Our sun, which is the center of our solar system, is but a tiny spot in our _________. In fact, there are 200 billion _____ in our galaxy, and our galaxy is just one of millions of galaxies.: galaxy, suns
A _________ is an enormous collection of stars, and these stars are arranged in a particular shape.: galaxy
The three main shapes of galaxies are _________, _________ and __________.: elliptical, spiral and irregular
Elliptical galaxy is oval shaped. _________ galaxy has arms spiraling outward from a center. _________ galaxy has no particular shape.: spiral, irregular
Our galaxy is called the ________ ______. It is ________ shaped.: Milky Way, spiral
Galaxies contain giant clouds of gas and dust called ___________.: Nebulae
_________ are bodies of hot gases.: Stars
The _______________ is a part of the atmosphere divided by its electrical activity.: Ionosphere
The ______ is the primary cause of the Van Allen belts.: Sun
Most stars are composed of __________ and ________ in their gaseous state.: hydrogen and helium
About half of all stars come in pairs with the stars sharing the same gravitational center. These are called _________ stars.: binary
A ___________ is a grouping of stars that look like imaginary figures.: constellation
The Big Dipper is an example of a ______________.: constellation
Our _______ _______ is the sun and the bodies that orbit around it.: solar system
Without heat and light, the Earth would be a lifeless, _____-_________ planet.: ice-covered
The central star of our solar system is the _______.: sun
The Earth is _____ _________ miles from the sun.: 93 million
The sun is composed of about ____% hydrogen, ___% helium and minor amounts of several other elements.: 90, 9
The temperature of the sun ranges from ______degrees C in its coolest regions to over ____ _______ degrees C at its center.: 4200, 15 million
_________ are darker, cooler areas of the sun.: sunspots
_______ _______ are short-lived high-energy discharges.: solar flares
_______ _____________ are larger and longer lasting high-energy discharges.: solar prominences
The EarthÂ’s Moon has a diameter of about ______ miles, which is about ___ of the EarthÂ’s diameter.: 2155, ¼
The distance from the Earth to the Moon varies from approximately ______ miles at its farthest point to ________ miles at its nearest point.: 252,000 221,000
The Moon rotates on its axis in the same amount of time it takes to orbit the Earth, _______ days. Therefore, the same side of the Moon, the near side, always faces the Earth.: 27
When the Moon is on the side of the Earth nearer the sun, the Moon is ______.: new
When it is on the opposite side of the Earth, the Moon is _______.: full
Primarily, the Moon has two types of terrain, ___________ and ___________.: highlands lowlands
Temperatures on the Moon range from about _____degrees in the day, to below ______degrees at night.: 250, -250
___________ is the closest planet to the sun, and it revolves around the sun every _____ days.: Mercury, 88
_________ is the closest planet to Earth. It revolves around the sun in _____ days.: Venus, 225
Venus is the ________ planet in the solar system with temperatures in excess of _____degrees.: hottest, 850
__________is the only known planet to rotate in a clockwise manner.: Venus
The atmosphere of Venus is 96% _________ __________ and 4% nitrogen.: carbon dioxide
The EarthÂ’s atmosphere contains 78% ___________ and 21% ____________.: nitrogen, oxygen
The surface of our planet is covered with over 67% __________.: water
The Earth revolves around the sun in _______ days.: 365
Mars is known as the _____ planet and even with the naked eye we can see this _______ color.: red, red
The red color of Mars is due to the ______ and _______ covering the surface.: rock, dust
The surface of Mars is covered with deserts, high mountains, deep craters and huge ____________.: volcanoes
One of MarsÂ’ ____________ is the highest known mountain in our solar system.: volcanoes
The atmosphere of Mars consists of 95% _________ ___________.: carbon dioxide
Daytime temperatures on Mars reach ____degrees F, while nighttime temperatures can dip to______degrees F.: 65, -130
In July 1997, the space probe called the ______ _____________ landed on Mars. The next day the rover, Sojourner Truth began its exploration of the planet. The rover was ____ feet long and _____ foot tall.: Pathfinder, two, one
Next to Earth, _______ has the most favorable conditions for life of any of the other planets in our solar system.: Mars
__________ is the largest planet in our solar system.: Jupiter
Jupiter is ____ times larger than Earth.: 11
Jupiter is a gas giant, with ___________ accounting for about 90% of the atmosphere, followed by helium, __________ and ammonia.: hydrogen,methane
Jupiter is known for its ____ moons.: 16
The rings are the most recognizable feature of ________.: Saturn
Saturn's rings are made of icy chunks of ______ ranging from tiny particles to large _________.: rock, boulders
Saturn's main rings are made up of hundreds of narrow __________.: Ringlets
Saturn's entire ring system is about one mile thick and extends about _________ miles from the planet.: 250,000
Saturn has an _____ _____ core surrounded by metallic hydrogen with an outer layer of hydrogen and helium.: icy, rock
It takes Saturn ____ years to revolve around the sun.: 29
The winds of Saturn have been known to reach ______ mph.: 1100
Saturn is ____ _______ miles from the sun.: 900 million
________, one of the moons of Saturn, is the only moon in the solar system to have its own ______________.: Titan, atmosphere
___________ is about 1.7 billion miles from the sun. It has a rocky core surrounded by water, ammonia and methane, in both ice and _________ form.: Uranus, liquid
Uranus revolves around the sun in ____ years.: 84
Daylight on Uranus lasts for ___ years followed by ___ years of night.: 42, 42
Uranus also has 11 very narrow and black ________ around it.: rings
Neptune is about ___ ________ miles from the sun and takes ____ Earth years to complete an orbit.: 3 billion, 165
NeptuneÂ’s atmosphere consists of ___________, helium and __________.: hydrogen, methane
The ___________ gives Neptune a bluish color.: methane
___________ is the most windy planet in the solar system. It has recorded winds of _______ mph.: Neptune, 1340
________ is the smallest planet in our solar system. It is a dark and ________ planet.: Pluto, frozen
Pluto's surface is made up of __________ ________.: methane frost
Asteroids, comets and meteoroids are collectively thought of as _________ orbiting in space.: Debris
______________ are chunks of rock that range in size from particles of dust to some that are a few hundred miles across.: Asteroids
Most _______ travel in an orbit between Mars and Jupiter. This area is known as the ________ ______.: asteroids, asteroid belt
_______ are tiny particles of dust and sand that are usually leftover from a comet.: meteoroids
If a meteoroid enters the EarthÂ’s atmosphere it is called a _______.: meteor
Meteors that actually hit the Earth are called ______________.: meteorites
Mercury's daytime temperature reaches_____degrees F, while its nighttime temperatures reach _____degrees F.: 800, -300

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