Psychology
Terms
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- psychiatry
- the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
- structuralist
- psychologist who studied basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences
- gestalt
- an organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasize our tendency to integrate pieces of info. into meaningful wholes.
- correlation
- a statistical relation between two or more variables such that systematic changes in the value of one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in the other
- lobes
- The different reginos into which the berebral cortex is divided
- biofeedback
- the process of learning to control bodily states with the help of machines monitoring the states to be contorlled
- constancy
- tendency to perceive certain objects in the same way regardless of changes in angle, distance, or lighting
- stagnation
- discontinuation of development and a desire to recapture the past, ex. middle age characteristics
- retina
- the light-sensitive inner layer of the eye it receives images formed by the lens and transmits them through the optic nerve to the brain
- pupil
- an opening in the eyes, just behind the cornea, through which light passes
- optic nerve
- nerve responsible for carrying impulses for the sense of sight from the retina to the brain
- conformity
- Behavior and appearances that follow and maintain the standards of a group. also, the acceptance of the cultural goals and the pursuit of these goals through legitimate means.
- hindbrain
- A part of the brain located at the rear base of the skull that is invlved in the basic processes of life
- hypnosis
- state of conciousness in which the person is succeptible to suggestion
- heredity
- the passing of traits from parent to offspring
- chunking
- (psychology) the configuration of smaller units of information into large coordinated units
- insomnia
- a sleep disorder characterized by recurring problems in falling asleep or staying asleep
- neurons
- Process information. Recieve, integrate, and transmit messages
- androgynous
- having both male and female characteristics
- rationalization
- occurs when we uncounsciously generate self-justifiying explanations to hide from ourselves the real reasons for our actions.
- discrimination
- in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that does not signal an unconditioined stimulus.
- psychologist
- scientist who studies the mind and behavior of human and animals
- generalization
- (psychology) transfer of a response learned to one stimulus to a similar stimulus
- illusions
- perceptions that misrepresent physical stimuli
- generativity
- A shift of attention away from oneself in the present to concern for future generation
- consciousness
- an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself and your situation
- encoding
- Mental represetations of information that is seen and heard. Visual information can be represented as mental pictures called icons. Speech is represented as sequences of sounds.
- genes
- Factors that control traits.
- perceptions
- the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events
- memory
- the cognitive processes whereby past experience is remembered
- reinforcement
- process by which a stimulus increases the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated
- thanatology
- the study of death-related behavior including actions and emotions concerned with dying, death, and bereavement
- meditation
- continuous and profound contemplation or musing on a subject or series of subjects of a deep or abstruse nature
- psychology
- the scientific study of mental processes and behavior
- kinesthesis
- sometimes called "muscle memory" the neuromuscular sense the body has in a particular physical position
- introspection
- The act of observing and analyzing one's own thoughts and feelings.
- sensation
- the process where our sensory receptors and nervous system recieve and represent stimulus energies from our environment
- shaping
- reinforcement of behaviors that are more and more similar to the one you want to occur. Shaping is the operant technique used to establish new behaviors
- psychophysics
- the branch of psychology concerned with quantitative relations between physical stimuli and their psychological effects
- forebrain
- Complex thought and cognition
- extinction
- a conditioning process in which the reinforcer is removed and a conditioned response becomes independent of the conditioned stimulus
- ageism
- discrimination against middle-aged and elderly people
- hypothesis
- possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question
- clique
- an exclusive circle of people with a common purpose
- theory
- well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations
- narcolepsy
- sleep disorder characterized by a sudden, uncontrollable need to sleep, attacks of paralysis, and dreams intruding while awake
- hormones
- chemicals made by endocrine glands, then secreted into blood
- modeling
- the process of observing and imitating a specific behaviour
- socialization
- process of learning the beliefs, norms and values that are socially expected of us as members of a particular society or a particular social group
- midbrain
- motor and sensory pathways