BIO WINTER EXAM
Terms
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- LABIA MAJORA
- the outer folds of skin of the external female genitalia.
- CARBOHYDRATES
- Any of a group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starches, celluloses, and gums and serves as a major energy source in the diet of animals. These compounds are produced by photosynthetic plants and contain only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually in the ratio 1:2:1.
- PLASMA MEMBRANE
- MEMBRANE THAT ENCLOSES THE CELL'S CONTENTS AND ENABLES TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES IN AND OUT THE CELL
- ANUEPLOIDY
- CHANGE IN # OF CHROMOSOMES THAT LEAD TO DISORDER
- MESODERM
- PART OF THE THREE PART STRUCTURE THAT IS FORMED DURING GASTRULATION
- LIPIDS
- Any of a group of organic compounds, including the fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and triglycerides, that are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents, are oily to the touch, and together with carbohydrates and proteins constitute the principal structural material of living cells.
- UNSATURATED
- not saturated; having the power to dissolve still more of a substance.
- CONTROL
- THING YOU CHANGE
- CHEMICAL REACTIONS
- chemical reaction is a process that results in the interconversion of chemical substances
- CHROMATIN
- the readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus, consisting of DNA, RNA, and various proteins, that forms chromosomes during cell division.
- DIHYBRID CROSS
- hybridization using two traits with two alleles each
- TURNER SYNDROME
- no y chromosome
- ATOM
- SMALLEST COMPONENT OF ELEMENT
- GOLGI APPARATUS
- PROTEIN MODIFICATION
- BLASTOCYST
- CELLS DIVIDE BY MITOSIS AND PRODUCE A HOLLOW BALL OF CELLS
- HYDROPHOBIC
- "WATER HATING"
- HAPLOID
- Biology. an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes, ordinarily half the normal diploid number.
- AMNION
- the sac in which the embryo is suspended.
- CELL CYCLE
- MITOSIS AND ,EIOSIS
- THEORY
- a coherent group of general propositions used as principles of explanation for a class of phenomena
- CYTOSKELETON
- TINY TUBES AND FIBERS WHICH MOCE ORGANELLES WITHIN CELL AND CONTROL SHAPE
- LAW OF SEGREGATION
- the principle, originated by Gregor Mendel, stating that during the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent.
- MONOSACCHARIDES
- Any of several carbohydrates, such as tetroses, pentoses, and hexoses, that cannot be broken down to simpler sugars by hydrolysis. Also called simple sugar.
- CROSS POLLINATION
- BREEDING TWO PLANTS
- COVALENT BOND
- POLAR/NON-POLAR. EQUAL SHARING
- FSH
- STIMULATES SPEMATOGENESIS/GROWTH OF OVARIAN FOLLICLE
- LH
- STIMULATES SECRECTION OF TESTOSTERONE/ESTROGEN
- PEDIGREE
- THE GENE HISTORY
- PROTEINS
- Any of a group of complex organic macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur and are composed of one or more chains of amino acids. Proteins are fundamental components of all living cells and include many substances, such as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies, that are necessary for the proper functioning of an organism. They are essential in the diet of animals for the growth and repair of tissue and can be obtained from foods such as meat, fish, eggs, milk, and legumes.
- NEURALATION
- DEVELOPMENT OF BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
- OVULATION
- CYCLE OF RELEASING EGG
- FLAGELLA
- the "tail"
- DOMINANT ALLELE
- THE MORE POWERFUL ALLELE. CAPITAL LETTER
- REACTANT
- any substance that undergoes a chemical change in a given reaction.
- SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES
- One of two or three twisted, curved tubules in each lobule of the testis in which spermatozoa develop.
- ISOTOPES
- AN ATOM THAT EITHER HAS GAINED OR LOST NUETRONS
- CLEAVAGE
- FIRST DIVISION OF FERTILIZED EGG
- CHEMICAL BONDS
- the physical process responsible for the attractive interactions between atoms and molecules, and that which confers stability to diatomic and polyatomic chemical compounds
- CILIA
- HAIR-LIKE PROJECTIONS THAT MOVE TOGETHER TO "PROPEL" SUBSTANCES ACROSS CELL SURFACE
- CAPILLARY ACTION
- is the ability of a substance to draw another substance into it.
- RECESSICE ALLELE
- THE lower case ALLELE, SKIPS FIRST GENERATION
- DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
- "MAKE BONDS" MAKES POLYMER
- PLACENTA
- STRUCTURE THAT EXCHANGES SUBSTANCES BETWEEN MOTHER AND FETUS
- LIGHT MICROSCOPE
- USES LIGHT
- HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS
- where there is greater concentration outside of cell
- INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
- WHAT YOU CHANGE IN AN EXPERIMENT
- CLITORIS
- the erectile organ of the vulva, homologous to the penis of the male
- CENTROMERE
- the thing that connects chromosomes
- DOWN SYNDROME
- EXTRA 21ST CHROMOSOME.
- ATOMIC MASS
- MASS OF MOLECULE
- GENOTYPE
- A CERTAIN ARRANGEMENT OF ALLELES
- FERTILIZATION
- the sperm penetrating the egg
- TRACE ELEMENTS
- ALL OTHER ELEMENTS BESIDES Na, K, Ca, Mg, S, P, O ,N, C, H
- NUCLEOTIDES
- Any of various compounds consisting of a nucleoside combined with a phosphate group and forming the basic constituent of DNA and RNA.
- PRIMARY SPERMATOCYTE
- a male germ cell (primary spermatocyte) that gives rise by meiosis to a pair of haploid cells (secondary spermatocytes) that give rise in turn to spermatids
- AMINO ACID
- BUILDING BLOCKS OF PROTEIN.
- POLYSACCHARIDES
- POLYMER. DESIGNATES THAT ITS A SUGAR
- P GENERATION
- THE PARENT GENERATION
- PROPHASE
- Cell Biology. the first stage of mitosis or meiosis in eukaryotic cell division, during which the nuclear envelope breaks down and strands of chromatin form into chromosomes.
- CORPUS LUTEUM
- a ductless gland developed within the ovary by the reorganization of a Graafian follicle following ovulation.
- FOLLICLE
- An ovarian follicle.
- CYTOSOL
- the water-soluble components of cell cytoplasm, constituting the fluid portion that remains after removal of the organelles and other intracellular structures.
- pH SCALE
- DETERMINES BASE AND ACID
- SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY
- MEMBRANE THAT LETS SOME THING THROUGH
- POLAR MOLECULE
- a molecule in which the centroid of the positive charges is different from the centroid of the negative charges.
- MULTIPLE ALLELES
- MORE THAN ONE ALLELE
- HYDROGEN BOND
- STRONGEST BOND, BETWEEN MOLECULES, ONLY BONDS WITH H, O, N, AND P
- MONONSOMY
- THE PRESCENSE OF ONLY 1 CHROMOSOME
- ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- the branch of chemistry, originally limited to substances found only in living organisms, dealing with the compounds of carbon.
- ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
- HELPS TRANSPORT THINGS IN CELL. CONTAINS RIBOSOMES
- CERVIX
- STRONG MUSCLE AT ENTRANCE TO UTERUS
- MENSTRUAL CYCLE
- 28 DAY CYCLE OF DISINIGRATIO OF LINING
- OVUM
- the female reproductive cell or gamete of animals, which is capable of developing, usually only after fertilization, into a new individual.
- ACTIVATION ENERGY
- the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur; "catalysts are said to reduce the energy of activation during the transition phase of a reaction"
- POLYPLOIDY
- having a chromosome number that is more than double the basic or haploid number.
- F1 GENERATION
- THE FIRST CHILDREN. RECESSIVE DOESNT APPEAR
- INTERPHASE
- the period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not undergoing division, typically occurring between mitotic or meiotic divisions.
- ALLELES
- ALTERNATE FORMS OF THE GENE
- ELECTRON
- NEGATIVE ATOM
- MONOHYBRID CROSS
- hybridization using a single trait with two alleles
- G1, S, G2
- IN INTERPHASE
- MACROMOLECULES
- A very large molecule, such as a polymer or protein, consisting of many smaller structural units linked together. Also called supermolecule.
- GAMETES
- A reproductive cell having the haploid number of chromosomes, especially a mature sperm or egg capable of fusing with a gamete of the opposite sex to produce the fertilized egg.
- HETEROZYGOUS
- HAS BOTH DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE ALLELES
- ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
- reproduction, as budding, fission, or spore formation, not involving the union of gametes.
- NEUTRON
- NUETRAL ATON
- RIBOSOMES
- WHERE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TAKES PLACE
- ORGANOGENESIS
- DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANS
- ORGANELLES
- A differentiated structure within a cell, such as a mitochondrion, vacuole, or chloroplast, that performs a specific function.
- MONOMER
- a molecule of low molecular weight capable of reacting with identical or different molecules of low molecular weight to form a polymer.
- DIFFUSION
- THE MOVEMENT OF AN ION FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LESS CONCENTRATION
- SUBSTRATE
- the substance acted upon by an enzyme.
- AMNIOCENTESIS
- a surgical procedure for obtaining a sample of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac in the uterus of a pregnant woman by inserting a hollow needle through the abdominal wall, used in diagnosing certain genetic defects or possible obstetric complications.
- FATS
- TRIGLYCERIDES
- PROKARYOTIC CELLS
- IN UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS (BACTERIA). LACK TRUE NUCLEUS. NO ORGANELLES
- SCROTUM
- holds the testes
- NUCLEUS
- CONTAINS HEREDITARY MATERIAL, THE CHRMOSOMES OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS ARE FOUND HERE
- MITOCHONDRIA
- MANUFACTURE CELLULAR ENERGY STORAGE MOLECULE (ATP)
- MEIOSIS
- production of cells in humans
- SOLVENT
- having the power of dissolving; causing solution.
- MUTATION
- sudden departure from the parent type in one or more heritable characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome
- SOLUTE
- A substance dissolved in another substance, usually the component of a solution present in the lesser amount.
- SOMATIC CELLS
- a cell forming the body of an organism
- OVARY
- MEIOSIS OCCURS
- ANAPHASE
- THE FOURTH STAGE, CENTROMERES DIVIDE
- VAS DEFERENS
- the duct that transports the sperm from the epididymis to the penis.
- IONIC BOND
- GIVING OR TAKING ELECTRONS
- SELF POLLINATIONS
- WHERE THE PLANT BREEDS WITH ITSELF
- METAPHASE
- THE THIRD STAGE, THE CHROMOSOMES LINE UP IN THE MIDDLE
- AUTOSOMES
- A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
- TRUE BREEDING
- PURE BRED
- SEMEN
- the viscid, whitish fluid produced in the male reproductive organs, containing spermatozoa.
- HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
- greater concentration inside cell
- HYDROPHILLIC
- (WATER LOVING) THE HEAD OF THE PHOSPOLIPID
- ISOTONIC SOLUTION
- WHEN THERE IS NO NET MOVEMENT
- MITOSIS
- production of non human cells
- TELEPHASE
- THE FINAL STAGE, TETRADS FORM
- ZYGOTE
- the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes cleavage.
- SISTER CHROMATID
- the copy chromatid
- PROTON
- POSITIVE ATOM
- HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME
- one of a pair of chromosomes that match up at meiosis and are identical in morphology and arrangement; a chromosome with the same gene sequence as another, each derived from one parent
- ENDOMETRIUM
- UTERUS LINING
- SURFACE TENSION
- the elasticlike force existing in the surface of a body, esp. a liquid, tending to minimize the area of the surface, caused by asymmetries in the intermolecular forces between surface molecules.
- FALLOPIAN TUBE
- TUBES WHICH EGGS TRAVEL THROUGH
- PROGESTERONE
- COMPLETES UTERUS AND MAINTAINS FEMALE SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS
- ATOMIC NUMBER
- LISTED IN UPPER LEFT CORNER, = # OF PROTONS
- ACTIVE SITE
- THE REGION OF AN ENZYME TO WHICH A SUBSTRATE BINDS
- ESTROGEN
- STIMULATES FEMALE SECONDARY SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PREPARES UTERUS
- POLYMER
- a compound of high molecular weight derived either by the addition of many smaller molecules, as polyethylene, or by the condensation of many smaller molecules with the elimination of water, alcohol, or the like, as nylon.
- CENTRIOLES
- FORM BASES OF CILIA. ORGANIZE SPINDLE DURING DIVISION
- DEPENDENT VARIABLE
- CHANGES AS A RESULT OF WHAT YOU DID
- KARYOTYPE
- the chromosomes of a cell, usually displayed as a systematized arrangement of chromosome pairs in descending order of size.
- PROSTATE GLAND
- A gland in male mammals surrounding the urethra at the base of the bladder that controls release of urine from the bladder and secretes a fluid which is a major constituent of semen.
- ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
- SCANNING - OVER IT. TRANSMISSION - THROUGH IT
- GASTRULATION
- CHANGES BLASTOCYST INTO HOLLOW EMBRYO WITH 3 LAYER TISSUE
- HYDROCARBONS
- Any of numerous organic compounds, such as benzene and methane, that contain only carbon and hydrogen.
- PHENOTYPE
- WHAT YOU SEE AS A RESULT OF GENOTYPE
- F2 GENERATION
- THE CHILDRENS CHILDREN, RECESSIVE SHOWS
- DIPLOID
- the complete set of chromosomes
- EJACULATION
- THE SECRETION OF SPERM
- CONSTANT
- THE THINGS THAT STAYS THE SAME
- NONDISJUNCTION
- the failure of chromosomes to separate and segregate into daughter cells at division.
- VAGINA
- PASSAGE LEADING TO UTERUS
- TRISOMY
- an abnormality characterized by the presence of an additional chromosome to the normal diploid number.
- UTERUS
- where the baby grows
- CROSSING OVER
- IN PROPHASE I WHERE GENETIC RECOMBINATIONS OCCURS
- HYDROLYSIS
- "BREAK BOND" MAKE MONOMER FROM POLYMER
- NUCLEIC ACID
- any of a group of long, linear macromolecules, either DNA or various types of RNA, that carry genetic information directing all cellular functions: composed of linked nucleotides.
- EXOCYTOSIS
- the transport of material out of a cell by means of a sac or vesicle that first engulfs the material and then is extruded through an opening in the cell membrane
- CHORION
- contributing to the formation of the placenta in the placental mammals.
- EUKARYOTIC CELLS
- FOUND IN ALL CELLULAR ORGAINISM, HAVE A TRUE NUCLUES, CONTAIN MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES
- COHESIONS
- the intermolecular attraction between like-molecules.
- ENZYME
- CATALYSTS. MAINLY PROTEINS
- HOMOZYGOUS
- OF EITHER ALL DOMINANT OR RECESSIVE ALLELES
- TESTES
- MEIOSIS OCCURS
- PUNNETT SQUARE
- TO SEE THE POTENTIAL RESULT WHEN CROSSING TWO GENOTYPES
- OSMOSIS
- THE DIFFUSION OF WATER FROM HIGH TO LOW
- SEX CHROMOSOME
- a chromosome, differing in shape or function from other chromosomes, that determines the sex of an individual.
- CYTOPLASM
- REGION BETWEEN THE NUCLEUS AND THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
- PASSIVE TRANSPORT
- TRANSORT WITHOUT ENERGY
- MORPHOGENESIS
- the development of structural features of an organism or part.
- ACTIVE TRANSPORT
- USES ATP AS ENERGY SOURCE, CAN INVOLVE TRANSPORT OF IONS, CAN MOVE SOLUTES AGAINST THEIR CONCENTRATION GRADIENT, REQUIRES THE CELL TO EXPEND ENERGY
- LYSOSOMES
- GETS RID OF BAD THINGS IN CELL
- NUCLEUS
- CONTAINS HEREDITARY MATERIAL
- SATURATED
- containing the maximum amount of solute capable of being dissolved under given conditions.
- NUCLEOSOME
- any of the repeating subunits of chromatin occurring at intervals along a strand of DNA, consisting of DNA coiled around histone.
- KLINEFELTER SYNDROME
- HAVE EXTRA X CHROMOSOME
- LABIA MINORA
- the inner folds of skin of the external female genitalia.
- PROBABILITY
- THE PROBABILITY OF WHAT IT WILL COME OUT TO BE
- HYPOTHESIS
- AN EDUCATED GUESS
- VACUOLES
- REGULATES WATER AND SHAPE, PUSHES CYTOPLASM TO EDGE OF CELL
- ENDOCYTOSIS
- the transport of solid matter or liquid into a cell by means of a coated vacuole or vesicle
- ENDODERM
- PART OF THE THREE PART STRUCTURE THAT IS FORMED DURING GASTRULATION
- HEREDITY
- A GENE YOU GET FROM ANCESTORS
- ECTODERM
- PART OF THE THREE PART STRUCTURE THAT IS FORMED DURING GASTRULATION
- PRIMARY OOCYTE
- An oocyte that is in its growth phase and is at a stage that is prior to the completion of the first maturation division.
- ELEMENTS
- a component or constituent of a whole or one of the parts into which a whole may be resolved by analysis