biology 1112

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to have knowledge: scientia
study of natural phenomena and uncovering explanations that govern natural phenomena: science
promote understanding: basic science
use/ apply understanding: technology-applied science
use science to enforce their point of view ex. astrology and physics: pseudo science
natural phenomena: domain of science
cross connection between perception of senses: synaetheisa
start simple. - brief: parsimony
attempt to disprove your hypothesis: experimental design
without data...: you are just another person with an opinion
scientific results are often reported as...: probability
lack of absolute proof is bothersome to...: miopic people
if a hypothesis can not be disproven then we: accept it
a hypothesis that has stood the test of time: theory
hypothesis vs theory is...: description vs prediction
scientific method aims for objectivity, and avoids mythecism and: works by self correction and leans towards rationalism and avoids dogmatism
what percent of adults have a bachelors degree: 24.4
evidence vs gut feeling: dogma
law of gravity was discovered by: sir isaac newton
law of gravity means: what goes up must come down
self correcting and progressive: science
physics and chemistry are:: atoms and molecules
biology is: -organelles
-cells
-tissue
-organs
-organ system
-organisms
ecology is: -population
-ecosystem
-biosphere
astronomy is: extraterrestrial
atom:: -92 natural elements
-lego blocks of the universe
periodic table was made by: ernest rutheford
molecules:: - ex. proteins, fats, carbs, dna (macromolecules)
-C02, h20 (compound molecules)
organelles:: -each has a distinct function within the cell
ex. mitochondrian (important for aerobic activity)
cell:: -basic unit of biology
-200-220 cells in an adult
bacteria is a: prokaryote
the study of cells: cytology
tissue:: -four types: muscle, connected, epithalial, nervous
in a human adult body there are how many cells?: 50-100 trillion
the infrastructure to life:: carbon
organ system:: -also called teamwork personified
-ex. digestive system
organ:: food storage and digestion
individual/organism: -smallest form in which a species can exist and is an organism
who said "10 to 100 times 10^6 species on earth": el wilson
population:: individuals that share a gene pool.
-can also mean species exhibiting metamorphosis
ex. caterpillars to butterflies
sexual dimorphism:: ex. humans lions and angler fish
biological community:: the biota of an area.
-ex. terrestrial-woods
ocean-diatom to sharks
all living things: biota
ecosystem:: -basic unit of ecology
-types: temperature, rainfall, soil.
biosphere: -ex. earth
extraterrestrial:: out of earth
the study of life and discovering principles governing life: biology
rules to win the darwin awards:: 1. make yourself unable to reproduce
2. have to have an outstanding misapplication of good judgment
darwin awards 3-5.: 3. self selection
4. must be an adult
5. event must be witnessed by another person
who made up the darwin awards: wendy northcutt
characteristics of living things:: -growth
-organization
-adaptation
-metabolism
-movement
-irritability
robert wadlow was the...: largest human
the blue well is the...: largest animal
the tree is the...: largest plant
the small mushroom is the...: largest living organism
organization:: -ex. art, things like the mona lisa.
reproduction:: sexual, asexual.
states that all new life comes from existing life: theory of biogenesis.
role of dna:: you gotta have it
in order for organisms to survive, they have to adapt or go extinct.: adaptation
an outcome of natural selection...: adaptation
what percentage of animals are extinct: 99%
total of all internal chemical reactions: metabolism`
types of metabolism.: aerobic and anaerobic
requires oxygen: aerobic
sources of biological energy:: solar and chemical (photosynthesis)
where the flowers follow the sun: phototaxis
the fastest species:: the perigrin falcon
how fast can the paragrin falcon go?: over 200 mph
the fastest land animal:: cheetah
how fast can the cheetah go?: over 70 mph
response to environmental stimuli.: irritability
gorammi: growth
organization
reproduction
adaptation
metabolism
movement
irritability
unifying concept one:: physical-chemical nature of life
living systems are governed and explained solely by the laws of physics and chemistry: mechanism
things that thrive in extreme places: extremeophiles
all religious creation accounts involve the supernatural and mythology, many -isms. all are examples of vitalism: vitalistic philosophy
what determines the origin stories and myths?: when and where you are born
why creationism is scientifically unacceptable?: -not a hypothesis.
-no supporting physical evidence
defers origin of life to a different place...reason not accepted?: no evidence to support hypothesis
what does gorammi stand for?: Growth
Organization
Reproduction
Adaptation
Metabolism
Movement
i?
rapid, continuous and spontaneous generation of life from inanimate matter: spontaneous generation
egyptians, crocodiles, and nile mud; aristotle and birds are all examples of what?: spontaneous generation.
"new life-big or small- is not spontaneously generated from inanimate matter" is the conclusion concerning...: spontaneous generation
"life is an outcome of predictable chemical interactions that simply follow basic physical chemical laws. overtime, these chemicals become more complex and stable" is a...: contemporary scientific hypothesis of chemical evolution leading to the origin of life
big bang happened how long ago?: 13.7 x 10^9 yr. ago
oldest fossils were from how long ago?: 3.5 x 10^9 years ago
the earth is how old?: 4.5 x 10^9 yr.
time for life to originate?: 1 billion years
nobel prize winning experiments of miller and urey who simulated early earth conditions allows for what?: experimental testing
7 gases placed in a sterilized, circulating, closed system with an energy source is the experimental test of which 2 scientists?: miller and urey
what is the meaning of the experimental testing?: a supported testable hypothesis instead of special creation
cooling, energy capture polymerization metabolism hereditary material. evolution aerobic resspiration: the order of things to happen for life to happen
the difference among the following? 1. origin of life 2. continuation of life 3. diversification of life: 1. chemical evolution
2. sexual & asexual reproduction
3. evolution by natural selection
characteristics of the earth that contributed to the development of a carbon based life system?: -distance from the sun and temp.
-size of something related to gravity
what is the second unifying concept?: cellular basis of life
in 1665 who coined the word cell?: robert hooke
the beginning and end...: cell importance
the greatest invention in the history of life on earth...: cell
since the invention is has been...: all cell all the time.
during 1830-1860 three germans contributed to...: cell theory
cell theory has 3 parts...which are...: 1. all organisms consist of cells.
2. cells are functional units of organisms
3. theory of biogenesis
all cells are...: monophyletic
monophyletic:: all cells come from one cell
do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus...: no
does eukaryotic have a nucleus?: YES
-cell wall -chloroplast -vacuals -no centriols: plants have these...
eukaryotic cell composition:: -nucleus with dna
-cytoplasm
-plasma (cell membrane)
2 interesting points concerning mitochondria...: -source comes from mom.
-they have their own dna
lynne margulis came up with...: the idea of symbiosis.
unifying concept no. 3...: chemical similarity of inheritance.
responsible for the construction of a cell, operation of a cell, heredity: genetic materials
the most important chemical on earth...: dna
the universal language of life: dna
watson and crick determined what in the 1950s: the structure of dna
was from the 1990s to 2005. they found al ot of stuff.: human genome project
unifying concept 4:: evolution by natural selection
evolution is the ---- of biology: cornerstone
evolution is ---- as atomic theory is to ----: biology
chemistry
evolution has been studied for ---- years: 150
middle ages were the dark ages because: all explanations about nature were homocentric
earth circulates around the sun.: heliocentrism
which two scientist got in trouble.: gallileo
capernicus
which scientist was excused by the pope in 1992?: gallileo
once a species always a species: fixody or immutability of species.
who was the first person to coin evolution and say that the species change over time with use and disuse of parts: lamark
who thought of the eye and reproduction experiment: lamark
who tested lamarks theory using mice tails and cutting them off.: weismen
an ocean is an example of this: constant environment
well adapted species persist relatively unchanged...: constant environment
in a changing environment, there is...: extinction
evolution is the consequence of 3 natural processes...: 1. variation.
2. natural selection.
3. inheritance
over time evolution results from...: variation
natural selection
inheritance.
when evolution happens we have...: adaptation.
speciation.
radiation
change within a species: adaptation
the development of a new species. ex birds: speciation
one species evolving into a bunch of species: adaptive radiation
how many species of sponge are there?: 5 k
how many species of grass?: 10k
how many species of fish?: 25 k
how many species of beetles: 350 k
birds evolve from: theropods
who said that as long as there is dna on the planet there will be evolution: natalie angier
what is the significance between lincoln and darwin?: they were both born on the same day...feb 12th 1809
lincoln did what? darwin did what?: emancipation proc.
evolution
who had the greatest impact on the world?: darwin
arch bishop ussher estimated the earth was how old?: 6,000 years
how far off was ussher?: 6 orders of magnitude
facts about darwin.: -english aristocrats
-grandfa. free thinker
-religious family
-grandfa. athiest
what did darwin like to do?: -ride horses
-shoot stuff
-collect objects of nature
what was the goal of the hms beagle: to generate a map of the coastline of south america
who was the 3rd person to influence darwin?: charles lyle- gave him a book about the earths age
charles lyle gave darwin which book.: principles of biology
who did darwin marry?: emma wedgewood
what did he do before he got married?: made a pro and con list
how many kids did darwin have? and how many years were him and emma married?: 10 kids.
42 years
who came up with the idea that species begin to change over time in space: darwin
breeding for certain trait in a species.: artificial selection
who tried to publish the same findings that darwain did?: ar wallace
who is the father of taxonomy?: carl von lynne
the process of naming organisms: taxonomy
two names per organism: binomial nomenclature
what were the good things about binomial nomenclature: -provides a single file per species
-avoids regional names
who named 10,000 species including homosapiens: carl
all the names are in which language: latin
one individual selected to represent the entire species: holotype
arranging objects in some logical order: classification
who founded the new species of dinosaurs: edward drinker cope
when they first wanted to do classification...they used what? now they use what?: anatamy and proteins
-now dna
the actual revolutionary history of a species: philogeny
who was the father of science: aristotle
who crated the scale naturia?: aristotle
what is scale naturia translated to? and what does it mean?: scale of nature
ladder of life
who created the classification tree in the 1860s?: ernest hackel
what is the acronym for the tree?: dumb kings play chess on fine grained sand
what is the tree?: domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
how many domains are there?: 3
how many kingdoms are there?: 6
how many phylums are there?: 50
what are the 3 domains?: archaeobacteria
what is archaeobacteria?: ancient backteria
what are the three domains?: -archaeobacteria
-eubacteria
-eukarya
what does eubacteria mean?: true bacteria
what does eukarya mean?: nucleated cell
prokaryotes are put into the: eubacteria
prokaryotes have the ability to...: photosynthesize
and capture atmospheric nitrogen
what is the oldest organism on the planet?: bacteria
what is the most numerous organism on the planet?: bacteria
what will always be the age of bacteria?: earth
what are good things about bacteria?: -the decompose things
-fix nitrogen
what are the bad thigns about bacteria?: they cause disease
how many kingdoms does eukarya make up? and what are they?: four.
-protista
-fungi
-plantae
-animale
what is algae and protozoans: protista
what is yeast mold and mushrooms?: fungi
what is liver wart to flowering plants?: plantae
what is sponges to vertebraes?: sponges
what are multicellular and have 55000 species?: protista
what use external digestion via hyphae, and also are responsible for decomposition of human food and have 75000 species?: fungi
what are green, do photosynthesis, major species in terrestrial ecosystems, and all the energy we digest is from this?: plantae
how many species of plantae are there?: 275,000
what have 36 phyla, are invertebraes,ex analids and molescs invertebraes. and vertebraes. ex. humans, fish.: animale
how many animale species are there?: 1.9 x 10^6
there are four cordate characteristics of these. 1. has a notochord (backbone) 2. nervechord. 3. pouches inside the throat area. 4. post anal and tail.: for all vertebraes
insects, jointed legs, exoskeleton,: anthropada
the study of insects: anthropology
1.agnatha-jawless fish 1.contrichthes-cartilage (no bone) 3. osteichthytis (bony fish) 4. amphibia (transitional to land) 5. reptilia (reptiles) 6. aves (birds) 7. mammalia (humans): 7 cordate classes
oldest vertebraes, parasites, no fins: agnatha
no bladder, no lungs, placoid sclaes, evolved from bony fish: contrichthes
the most numerous of vertebraes, bladder, lungs, scales: osteichthytes
first terrestrial vertebrae, require moist environments for reproduction, scaleless, highy ceceptible to extinction: amphibia
first truly terrestrial vertebraes, scales, better lungs, ambiotic, ambiotic egg: reptilia
glorified reptiles, no teeth, have light bones, homeothermic (warm blooded): aves
homeothermic, hair, mammary glands, live birth, monotremes,: mammalia
what does darwin love?: BIRDS!

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Number of cards 214

Created By britneyzurovetz