EPPP Ethics 2
Terms
undefined, object
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- Multiple Relationships
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from 2002 Ethics Code: occurs when a psychologist is in a professional relationship with a person & is in another role with the same person at the same time
are only unethical if objectivity & competence are impaired, or there's risk of exploitation - Action to take when threatened by the client or someone close to a client
- "may terminate therapy when threatened or otherwise endangered by the patient or someone with whom the patient has a relationship"
- Buckley Amendment
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aka, Federal Educational Rights & Privacy Act, 1974 (FERPA)
parents have the right to inspect, review, & challenge contents of their child's educational record; prohibits schools from disclosing identifying information from student records without consent of parent or adult student
written notice is NOT needed to transfer a student's records to another school they plan to enroll in - Tarasoff v. UC Board of Regents
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1976
established a duty to warn then a duty to protect an intended victim (either 1 identifiable victim or a class/group of potential victimes)
protecting = notifying the intended victim, the police, and taking steps to keep the client and intended victim apart (e.g., hospitalization) - Jaffe v Redmond
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1996
therapist-patient privilege was recognized at a federal level - Waiving copayment fees
- considered illegal & unethical, except if insurance company appproves the waiver & therapist is not increasing rates to get more money from the insurance company
- Privilege in court-ordered evaluation
- waived by the court
- Use of a collection agency
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ethical as long as the patient is informed first
preferable but not necessary to inform patient of your policy at the start of treatment - Definition of professional psychologist
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person with a doctorate in psychology from a regionally accredited school
(can't call yourself a psychologist without a license) - Holder of privilege in court-ordered treatment
- the patient
- Bartering
- Psychologists may barter only if (1) it is not clinically contraindicated & (2) the resulting arrangement is not exploitative
- re M'Naughten
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1843
basis for the insanity defense in most US states
insanity defense was successfully used by a person with paranoid schizophrenia who fatally wounded the secretary of England's Prime Minister - 3 elements needed in a malpractice suit
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1. psychologist must have a professional relationship with the individual
2. there must be some negligence or dereliction of duty by the psychologist
3. some harm must have come to the individual as a result of the negligence or dereliction - in order to practice in forensic settings, psychologists must:
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ensure they are reasonably familiar with the judicial or administrative rules governing their roles
no requirement to complete a training program in forensic psychology - Sexual Harrassment
- defined by the ethics code as sexual behavior which is either unwelcome, offensive, or creates a hostile work environment; the psychologist knows or is told this (& continues), or it is so severe that any reasonable person would see it as abusive
- Fee Splitting
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unethical if only based on referral
ethical only if based on services provided (e.g., consultation, administration, etc.) - termination of animals in research
- must be done rapidly with an attempt to minimize pain
- most frequently cited complaint against supervisers
- untimely feedback
- Withholding records due to nonpayment of fees is:
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ethical according to the 2002 Ethics Code, except "Psychologists may not withhold records under their control that are requested and needed for a client's/patient's emergency treatment solely because payment has not been received."
illegal according to HIPAA (should comply with the law!) - Privilege
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patient's right not to have confidential information revealed in legal proceedings (narrower than the ethical concept of confidentiality)
can be waived by the court - how to respond when an insurance company asks for information about a former client:
- when part of peer review process, provide the insurance company with the information it requests only after ensuring that the company will take steps to protect the client's confidentiality
- Regarding record keeping, The Specialty Guidelines for Forensic Psychologists (1991) state that:
- "the standard to be applied to such documentation or recording [i.e., to records in forensic settings] anticipates that the detail and quality of such documentation will be subject to reasonable judicial scrutiny; this standard is higher than the normative standard for general clinical practice."