Science Study Guide - Cells
Terms
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- Unicellular
- Something that has 1 cell
- Multicellular
- Something that has more than 1 cell
- Prokaryotic cell
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Microscopic; simple; no nucleus
ex. bacteria - Eukaryotic cell
-
10x larger than prokaryotic; has nucleus; more complex
ex: plants, animals, protists, fungi - Bacteria
- Unicellular organism; prokaryotic
- Organelle
- Vacuole; lysosome; ribosomes; golgi complex; ER; nucleus; mitochondria
- Cell Theory
-
1. All living things are made up of 1 or more cells;
2. The cell is the basic unit of life in which all the activities of life occur;
3. All cells come from cells that already exist - Robert Hooke
- First observed cork cells in 1665
- Cell Membrane
- Provides support and structure. Helps control what leaves and enters the cell
- cytoplasm
- Gelatin-like structure; gives structure and support
- nucleus
- "the brain"; control center of the cell; contains DNA
- vacuole
- Stores h2o, food, waste
- mitochondria
- Powerhouse; breaks food down into energy
- ribosome
- makes protein
- chloroplast
- in plant cell; contains chlorophyll; needed for photosynthesis
- endoplasmic reticulum
- transports; makes fats
- golgi complex
- processes and transports materials out of the cell
- lysosome
- cleans the cell; digests food, waste, cell parts, invaders
- tissue
- blood, muscle, etc.
- organ
- heart; skin; stomach, etc.
- Organ system
- nervous; digestive; etc.
- Cells are organized into..
- tissues
- 2 or more types of tissues form an
- organ
- When organs work together they make an
- Organ System
- Different types of human cells
-
nerve cells
skin (epithelial) cells
muscle cells
white blood cells
red blood cells - Nerve cells
- long; cell branches; receive and deliver messages
- Skin (epithelial) cells
- close together; flat; protect
- Muscle cells
- long; can relax and contract
- White blood cells
-
act like the police in the body; help fight disease; defend the body against microorganisms/invaders.
Leukemia: type of cancer -- too many white blood cells - red blood cells
-
do not have a nucleus; carry oxygen to all parts of the body.
Anemia: occurs when there are too few red blood cells/not enough oxygen - Only plant cells have ...
- cell wall, chlorplasts, large vacuole