New Monarchs, Exploration and 16th Century Society
Terms
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- Mestizos
- offspring of Spanish men and Indian women
- Price Revolution
- a dramatic rise in prices (inflation). A major problem in europe in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries
- Reconquista
- 1492-goal to remove last of Moors and Jews and Christianize Spain-significant decline in Middle class
- asiento
- The Slave Trade. First intruduced by Portugal in Brazil to farm sugar plantations where an estimated 50 million Africans died o became slaves during the 17th and 18th century
- conquistadores
- Spanish soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas
- Columbian Exchange
- The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. (p. 472)
- Commercial Revolution
- the expansion of the trade and buisness that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries.
- hermandades
- alliances of cities to oppose nobles-helped bring cities in line with royal authority
- Concordat of Bologna
- (1516) king of France now had power to appoint bishops to French Church-major blow to papal influence in France
- Hanseatic League
- evolved from within German states in Middle Ages that eventually controlled trade in much of northern Europe well into 16th century
- star chamber
- nobles tried without jury, could not confront witnesses, and tortured
- Treaty of Tordesillas
- agreement between spain and portugal to explore different lands
- joint-stock companies
- investors pooled resources for common purpose -- early prime example of capitalism
- Dutch East India Company
- founded in 1602-became major force behind Dutch imperialism, challenged Spain in the New World and controlled much of the American and African trade.
- taille
- tax on property and land, provided permanent income for French royal government
- mercantilism
- a set of economic principles based on policies which stress government regulation of economic activities to benefit the home country
- Encomienda system
- priviledge given by Spain to Spanish settlers in the Americas which allowed to control the lands and people of a certain territory