ch.7 cells
Terms
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- state the cell theory
-
-all living things are made
of cells
-cells are the basic units of structure and function in
living things
-new cells are reproduced
existing cells - what are the two catagories that scientists divide cells into?
- eukaryote and prokaryote
- cell
- the basic unit of life
- cell membrane
- allows stuff to come in and out of the cell
- cell wall
- only in cell plants, protects and helps keep the shape of cells
- nucleus
- contains genetic material and controls the cells activities
- the material inside the cell membrane-but not the nucleus
- cytoplasm
- prokaryote
- cell w/out a nucleus
- eukaryote
- cell w/ a nucleus
- organelle
- dozens of specialized structures that perform important cellular functions
- who was the first person to look at a cell?
- Anton Van Leeuwnhook
- robert hook
- the first person to use a light microscope..looked at dead cork.
- who was matthias schleiden and what did he conclude?
- a german botanist and he concluded that all plants are made of cells.
- concluded that all animals are made of cells
- theodor schwann
- rudolf virchow
- concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells
- who were the three scientists that came up with cell theory?
- schleide, schwann, virchow
- what is the main function of a cell wall?
- tp provide support and protection for the cell
- what does the nucleus do?
- controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary info of DNA
- what does the cytoskeleton do and what does it contain?
- a network of protein filaments that help that cell maintain its shape, also involved in many forms of cell movement.
- what does the endplasmic reticulum do?
- components of the cell membrane are assembled and proteins are modefied.
- what does the golgi apparatus do?
- attaches carbohydrates and lipids to proteins
- what does chloroplast do?
- uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules, a process known as photosynthesis.
- what does mitochondria do?
- uses energy from food to make high-energy compounds that the cell can use to power growth , development, and movement.
- granular material within the nucleus
- chromatin
- chromosomes
- threadlike structures that contain DNA that passed down from one generation to another generation of cells
- nucleolus
- a small dense regionin the nucleus
- nuclear envelope
- a double membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus,
- nuclear pores
- a;; material to movein and out of the nucleus
- microtubules
- hollow tubes of protein about 25 nanometers in diameter, maintain cell shape and can also serve as tracks along whic organelles are moved
- microfilaments
- long thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell.
- lipid bilayer
- the core of nearly all cell membranes is a double layered sheet
- concentration
- the concentration of a solution is a mass of solute in a given volume of solution or mass/volume
- diffusion
- when molecules move from an area where they are more concentated of the solute has reached equilibrium
- what does diffusion cause?
- many substances to move across a cell membrane but does not require it to use energy.
- selectivly permiable
- some substances can pass across them and others cant
- what is osmosis?
- the diffusion of water through selectively permeable membrane.
- isotonic
- regular to regualr..stays the same
- hypotonic
- regular to bigger
- hypertonic
- regualr to smaller
- facilitated diffusion
- when large molecules that cant cross the cell membranes lipid bilayer directly move through protein channels instaed
- active transport
- when a material moves from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
- endocytosis
- the process of taking material into the cell by means of infolding or pockets of the cell membrane
- phagocytosis
- when large particals are taken in to the cell by endocytosis...extensions of cytoplasm engulf large particles.
- exocytosis
- the removal of large amounts of material froma cell
- cell specialization
- seperate roles for each type of cell
- cells in multicellular organisms are specialized to perform what?
- particular functions within the organism
- what are the levels of organization in multicellular organism
- cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
- tissue
- similar cells that perform particular functions
- groups of tissues that work together
- organs
- organ system
- a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function