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ch.7 cells

Terms

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state the cell theory
-all living things are made
of cells
-cells are the basic units of structure and function in
living things
-new cells are reproduced
existing cells
what are the two catagories that scientists divide cells into?
eukaryote and prokaryote
cell
the basic unit of life
cell membrane
allows stuff to come in and out of the cell
cell wall
only in cell plants, protects and helps keep the shape of cells
nucleus
contains genetic material and controls the cells activities
the material inside the cell membrane-but not the nucleus
cytoplasm
prokaryote
cell w/out a nucleus
eukaryote
cell w/ a nucleus
organelle
dozens of specialized structures that perform important cellular functions
who was the first person to look at a cell?
Anton Van Leeuwnhook
robert hook
the first person to use a light microscope..looked at dead cork.
who was matthias schleiden and what did he conclude?
a german botanist and he concluded that all plants are made of cells.
concluded that all animals are made of cells
theodor schwann
rudolf virchow
concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells
who were the three scientists that came up with cell theory?
schleide, schwann, virchow
what is the main function of a cell wall?
tp provide support and protection for the cell
what does the nucleus do?
controls most cell processes and contains the hereditary info of DNA
what does the cytoskeleton do and what does it contain?
a network of protein filaments that help that cell maintain its shape, also involved in many forms of cell movement.
what does the endplasmic reticulum do?
components of the cell membrane are assembled and proteins are modefied.
what does the golgi apparatus do?
attaches carbohydrates and lipids to proteins
what does chloroplast do?
uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules, a process known as photosynthesis.
what does mitochondria do?
uses energy from food to make high-energy compounds that the cell can use to power growth , development, and movement.
granular material within the nucleus
chromatin
chromosomes
threadlike structures that contain DNA that passed down from one generation to another generation of cells
nucleolus
a small dense regionin the nucleus
nuclear envelope
a double membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus,
nuclear pores
a;; material to movein and out of the nucleus
microtubules
hollow tubes of protein about 25 nanometers in diameter, maintain cell shape and can also serve as tracks along whic organelles are moved
microfilaments
long thin fibers that function in the movement and support of the cell.
lipid bilayer
the core of nearly all cell membranes is a double layered sheet
concentration
the concentration of a solution is a mass of solute in a given volume of solution or mass/volume
diffusion
when molecules move from an area where they are more concentated of the solute has reached equilibrium
what does diffusion cause?
many substances to move across a cell membrane but does not require it to use energy.
selectivly permiable
some substances can pass across them and others cant
what is osmosis?
the diffusion of water through selectively permeable membrane.
isotonic
regular to regualr..stays the same
hypotonic
regular to bigger
hypertonic
regualr to smaller
facilitated diffusion
when large molecules that cant cross the cell membranes lipid bilayer directly move through protein channels instaed
active transport
when a material moves from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
endocytosis
the process of taking material into the cell by means of infolding or pockets of the cell membrane
phagocytosis
when large particals are taken in to the cell by endocytosis...extensions of cytoplasm engulf large particles.
exocytosis
the removal of large amounts of material froma cell
cell specialization
seperate roles for each type of cell
cells in multicellular organisms are specialized to perform what?
particular functions within the organism
what are the levels of organization in multicellular organism
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
tissue
similar cells that perform particular functions
groups of tissues that work together
organs
organ system
a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

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