Flagellates
Terms
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- what is the name for the flagellates subphylum of amoeba?
- Subphylum Mastigophora
- What are the 5 species in subphylum mastigophora?
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Dientamoeba fragilis
Giardia lamblia
Chilomastix mesnili
Trichomonads
Enteromonas species - What is unique about Dientmoeba fragilis?
- It is an Amoebaflagellate - only has internal flagella none on the outside.
- What type of infection does D. fragilis cause?
- Enterocolitis when in large numbers
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What stage of D. fragilis is seen?
How big is it? -
only the troph - doesn't have a cyst.
8-12 u - what are the characteristics of D. fragilis?
-
-Rarely ingests RBCs
-app 55% w/ 2 nuclei, most w/ 1
-has Fragmented Karyosomes - What is the flagellate amoeba you're most likely to see in the lab?
- Giardia lamblia
- what are the common names of giardia infections?
-
Giardiasis
Backpacker's Disease - pick it up from drinking stream water -
What are two places you might see giardia?
What are hosts? -
-Streams
-Day care centers
Humans and many other animals - what are the characteristics of the Giardia troph?
-
-10-20u
-2 Nuclei look like eyes
-4 pair of flagella
-axostiles down center
-sucking disk
-parabasal bodies - what is the life cycle of giardia?
-
1 fully mature cyst will have 4 nuclei, this is infectious stage
2 trophozoites max can come from one cyst. they attach to the small intestine w/ sucking disk. - what are the symptoms of giardiasis?
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-diarrhea and nausea
-abdominal pain
-much flatulance
-weight loss
-no dysentary - one what 3 bases is giardia diagnosed?
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1. morphological
2. enterotest
3. immunological - what's an enterotest?
- done when no cysts are shed in stool. Make person swallow a capsule on a string w/ 1g weight then pull back out w/ trophs attached.
- how is giardia treated and prevented?
-
Treat: Metranidazole, Quinacrine
Prevent: filter water - What is the intestinal commensal with flagella?
- Chilomastix mesnili
- what are the characteristics of chilomastix mesnili compared to giardia?
-
-Fewer flagella
-1 single nucleus (not eyes) w/ off-center karyosome
-no axostiles, very vacuolated.
-SPIRAL GROOVE, CAUDASTYLE - what are the characteristics of the Chilomastix mesnili cyst?
-
-LOOKS LIKE A LEMON due to its Nipple End.
-Has a single nucleus w/ offcent karyosome and periph chromatin off to the side. - what are the 3 trichomonad sps?
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Trichomonas hominis
Trichomonas tenax
Trichomonas vaginalis - how are the trichomonads speciated?
- based on where they're found because each is found in a unique body site
- what's the general morphology of all the trichomonads?
-
Only trophs - no cysts
7-15 u
1 nucleus, axostyle, Post/Ant flagella, Undulating membrane -
What is the new name for Trichomonas hominis?
Where is it found? -
Pentatrichomonas hominis
Commensal in the intestine - What trichomonas is a commensal in the mouth?
- Trichomonas tenax
- What trichomonas causes STDs?
- Trichomonas vaginalis - #1 STD ni the world!
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What symptoms does T. vaginalis cause in
-Females
-Males -
1/7 Females: vaginitis, itching, burning, possible discharge
Males: dysuria - How is Trichomonas vaginalis diagnosed?
-
-Symptoms seen
-Saline we mount
-Diamonds medium to view motility
-Microscope urinalysis - How is T. vaginalis treated?
-
-Metranidazole
-Personal hygiene/safe sex to prevent infection - What 2 flagellates are commensals in the intestine (other than T. tenax)
-
Enteromonas hominis
Retortamonas intestinalis - What does Enteromonas hominis resemble?
- Trichomonas hominis, but E. is smaller about 7 u, and has both cyst/troph stages.