Trypanosomes
Terms
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- heteroxenous life cycle
- more than 1 host; vertibrate & invertibrate hosts
- T. equiperdum
-
(horses) transmitted by animal vector
causes temporary paralysis and transmitted sexually - T. brucei brucei
- causes nagana in Native Antelops of Africa
- T. brucei gambiense
- causes African Sleeping Sickness in humans; causes CHRONIC form
- T. brucei rhodesiense
- causes African Sleeping Sickness; ACUTE form; native to game animals (thought to serve as reservoir)
- What is the vector for all trypanosomes?
- tsetse fly
- salivaria
- transmitted via bite of insect
- stercoraria
- transmitted w/ insect bites
- What is antigenic variation?
- a trypanosome gets into the blood stream and their numbers are high. The host counters and creates a antibody to get rid of it (parasite numbers decrease). The parasite then counters (numbers rise) and the new parasite creates new antigenic sites. Body must create new antibody that fits. This leads to coma and death
- T. Congolense
- relative to brucei found in humans. Tsetse fly is vector
- T. Vivay
- relative of brucei found in humans; vector is tsetse fly and *genus Tabanus (horse fly)
- T. evansi
-
causes murrina/surra (disease of camels)
horses in W. Hemisphere
Vector:genus Tabanus (horsefly)
vampire bat - T. equinium
- in S. America and causes horse disease
- What are the 3 stages in which T. cruzi goes through?
-
1. Epimastigote-when in insect
2. Trypomastigote-when passes in feces and in blood (has flagella)
3. Amastigote-when in the tissues - What is the epidemiology of T. cruzi?
-
infected insect's feces are rubbed into bite wound, bites occur at night.
Hide in cracks, rocks and cause death in children under 2 - What are other means of transmitting T. cruzi?
-
1. placenta
2. breast milk
3. blood transfusion
4. infects humans when bug is eaten (aphrodesiac) - T. Lewisi
- cosmopolitan (wide spread) in rats
- T. Theileri
- cosmopolitan in cattle, can be virulent at stressful times
- T. Cruzi
-
causes American Trypanosomiasis, found throughout *Mexico*, Central/South America
Vector: Reduvid Bug(cone nose bug) - What is the vector for T. Cruzi?
- Reduvid Bug (cone nose bug), true bug