Wildlife Management Test 3 readings
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- moose and wolf on Isle Royale
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-544 km2 island
-moose arrive early 1900s, wolves 1940s
-moose only prey for wolves (except beaver and snowshoe hare), wolf only large predator
-wolves stabilized to about 22 animals 1959 - 1973, moose increaed to 1500
-1974, wolves increased to ~ 44, moose decreased to 750 by 1979
-time lag b/c of wolf pack structure
-feedback - one pop adjusted to changes in other's density - coyotes and jackrabbits in Curlew valley
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-coyotes feed largely on jackrabbits here (UT-ID border)
-1962 - 1970
-1963-1967, j-r pop down 66% due to coyotes
-then coyote population dropped by 87%
-coyote pops correlated with shifts in j-r population from previous year
-fecundity rates of coyotes changed (% females breeding and avg. litter size)
-coyotes showed no selection for age classes
-faster response than wolves - Kaibab Plateau
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-1906-1923, removed cougars, wolves, coyotes, bobcats
-mule deer population exploded from 4000 to 100,000, then crashed
-could have been lack of predators or changes in vegetation - summary of predator control studies
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-predators usually don't overexploit species they've evolved with
-prey regulates predators most often - Jim Peek's reading
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-cougars don't affect populations but change prey behavior to minimize habitat damage
-value of info from research properly presented to lay public is best kind of public relations effort in wildlife conservation
-we now have better understanding of predators and management - wetland habitat for waterfowl
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-50:50 interspersion of open water and vet in irregular pattern
-large wetland in middle with satellite wetlands
-0.25-0.5 miles from each other
-establish refuge area, manage beavers and hunting
-green-tree reservoirs
-periodic drawdowns and floods
-predator control, restrict human activity - connections in wetlands
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-decrease stagnation
-increase duck passage
-increase cover - upland sites important for waterfowl
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-food producing trees
-tree and brush growth for nesting cover
-grass-legumes-forbs - islands
- -brushy good for ducks, grassy attracts geese
- developing waterfowl hunting regulations
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-836 species of migratory birds
-Migratory Bird Treaty Act - 1918
-each flyway has technical committee of state waterfowl managers and a USFWS flyway rep (biologist)
-ID (Pacific) - Pacific Flyway Study Committee (SC) - steps to developing waterfowl hunting limits
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1. subcommittee for each bird population meets, recommends changes, which go to full SC for approval, then to Pacific Flyway Council
2. PFC approves or rejects, sends to USFWS Regulations Committee
2. RC sends to USFWS Director, then to Secretary of Interior
3. USFWS advises state of changes - effects of global warming
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-alters precipitation patterns
-accelerates wetland loss on coasts
-alters migration patterns - combustion of fossil fuels
- -accounts for 75% of manmade CO2 emissions
- DU's program
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-companies may use C sequestration to offset emissions
-carbon easements, simialr to cons easements
-landowners can generate income by "selling" carbon sequestration
-can encourage better land use