Chapter 3- Minerals and Rocks
Terms
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- What is a foliated rock?
- A metamorphic rock that is easy to spilt
- What are the types of luster?
-
metallic
nonmetallic: glossy, pearly, greasy, dull, earthy, - what is the hardness of a minerals?
- its resistance to being scratched
- What is moh's scale of hardness?
- ten standard minerals whose hardness are determined used to determine the hardness of other minerals
- What is a mineral
- a naturally occuring, inorganic sold that has a defenite chemical composition and molecular substance
- What is cleavage?
- the tendency of a mineral to split along onew or more smooth flat surfaces
- What is fracture?
- when a mineral doesn't have cleavage and breaks unevenly
- What are all the properties that can be used to identify a mineral?
- streak, color, luster, hardness, cleavage, fracture, taste, crystal shape, magnetism, reactivity to acid, ability to bend light, and fluorescence
- How do metamorphic rocks form?
- As a result of the recrystallization of ummelted material under conditions of high temperature and pressure
- What type of cleavage does halite have?
- cubic cleavage, meaning it cleaves in three directions
- What is a rock composed of only one mineral?
- monominerallic
- crystalline
- made of atoms arranged in a pattern
- What are carbonates?
- group of minerals that contains 1 carbon atom and 3 oxygen atoms
- What are evaporites?
- Rockls formed by the evaporation of water
- What are silicates?
- a combination of silicon and oxygen with other elements. largest rock froming minerals
- What group of minerals contains a high percentage of commercialy valuable substances?
- ores
- What are iron oxides?
- iron combines with oxygen
- What is a tetrahedron?
- a four-sided solid, each side being a triangle
- What are sulfides?
- iron combines with sulfur
- What is the structure of a mineral?
- the arrangement of atoms in a mineral
- What are metamorphic rocks?
- Rocks that form as a result of the recrystallization of existing rock minerals
- What is regional metamorphism?
- occurs when large areas of rock are under intense heat and pressure
- How do sedimentary rocks form?
- They form from compaction and cementation of sediments
- What is lava?
- magma that reaches the Earth's surface
- What is contact metamorphism?
- The changing of an existing rock through contact with magma
- What are thin latyers of alternating minerals found in a metamorphic rock?
- banding
- What does texture of igneous rocks depend on?
- the rate of cooling
- What are felsic rocks?
- rich in potassium feldspar and quartz and are light in color
- What is magma?
- molten rock beneaths earth's surface
- What are clastic rocks?
- Rocks formed from sediments made up of rocks fragments held together by cement
- Long cooling causes ________ crystals to form.
- large
- When rocks cool fast, they have ________ grained crystals.
- fine
- What type of volcanos cause quiet lave flows?
- shield cones
- What are mafic rocks?
- Rocks rich in plagioclase feldspar and pryoxene. Dark in color, and found in ocean basins
- What are some alternative sources of energy?
- water power, wind power, solar energy,and geothermal energy
- What are fossil fuels?
- energy resources formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived long ago
- What is a nonrenewable substance?
- used faster then they can be replaced such as coal
- What are cinder cones?
- steep, explosive volcanos
- What are rocks called that form beneath the surface?
- intrusive or plutonic rocks
- What causes an igneous rocks to have a glassy texture?
- when it cools very quickly, on earth's surface
- What are igneous rocks?
- They form as a result of the solidification of molten rock minerals
- what is streak?
- Streak is the color of a mineral in its powdered form
- How is crystal size effected when magma cools slowly?
- the rock has large crystals
- Which has smaller crystals intrusive or extrusive rocks?
- extrusive have fine-grained rocks
- Why is color not effective in identifying a rock or mineral?
- different minerals exhibit the same colors and many minerals are found in a variety of colors