LEA lecture test 3
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- Why are 330 hook bill species nearly extinct?
- loss of habitat and trade
- What three traits do breeders look for when selecting animals for petbird breeding?
- docility, curiosity, disrespect for species boundaries
- What does CITES stand for?
- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
- What does CITES do?
- It is an agreement between member nations to control international shipping and trade of animals and plants
- What is the order of birds that includes songbirds called?
- Passerines
- What is the order of bird that includes hookbills/parrots called?
- Psittacines
- What is the order of birds that includes pigeons and doves called?
- Columbiformes
- What is the order of birds that includes peafowl, turkeys, quail, pheasants, and chickens called?
- Galliformes
- What is the order of birds that includes ducks, geese, swans, and teal (waterfowl) called?
- Anserformes
- What is the order of birds that includes ostrich, emu, kiwi, and rhea called?
- Ratites
- What is the order of birds that penguins are in called?
- Spheniserophorms
- What is the order of birds that includes birds of prey and eagles called?
- Raptors
- What are some factors to consider when determining an adequate cage size for a bird?
- must be able to extend wings fully w/o touching sides, tail must not rub on cage, and width is more important that height
- What type of tree branches should not be used as bird perches?
- conifers
- Perches should vary in ___ and ___
- diameter and type
- What factors should be kept in mind for a bird's environment?
- supervise other animals, very sensitive to fumes (teflon), need warm temp (70-80), toxic plants, no smoking
- Toys made out of what material are best for birds?
- Wood
- How old can parrots get?
- 50-100 yrs
- How old do parakeets get?
- 5-8 yrs but better w/ good nutrition
- How old do cockatiels get
- 15-20+ yrs
- Urine and feces are a big clue as to the ___ of the bird
- health
- In most birds, urine and feces are passed together through the ___
- vent
- Bird urine is typically _____
- clear
- What are urates?
- The white liquid portion passed w/ urine and feces
- What does normal bird feces look like?
- green, formed to loose in consistency
- Why is it a very dangerous time when bird who molt once a year are motling?
- Because they cannot fly away from predators
- Do passerines molt once a year or year round?
- Once a year
- Do Psittacines molt once a year or year round?
- year round
- What other things happen to a bird when it is molting?
- egg laying and singing stop and they are very prone to illness
- Most birds are carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores?
- Omnivores - they need a wide variety of foods
- Most birds on a ___ diet suffer from poor nutrition/metabolic dz
- seed diet
- What is the recommended diet for most birds?
- pellets supplemented w/ veggies, fruits, eggs, tofu, cereal, pasta, yogurt, etc (up to 25% can be the supplements)
- Why might a bird's water need to be changed more than once a day?
- bathing and droppings in water
- When restraining a bird, it is very important that you DO NOT do what?
- Compress the chest
- What might be used to assist in restraining a bird?
- towel/handkerchief
- What is a unique feature of most bird bones? Why do they have this?
- Pneumatic (air-filled) - makes them lighter for flight
- What two bird bones are NOT pneumatic and thus are used for interosseous injections?
- ulna and tibiotarsus
- What bone is used to assess a bird's body condition?
- keel bone (sternum)
- Feathers are actually modified ___.
- Scales
- In addition to flight, what are the benefits of feathers?
- waterproof, provide insulation, give shade
- What are the feathers that we clip called?
- Primary wing feathers
- What are new feathers called? Why?
- Bloodfeathers - they have blood in their core
- How do you stop the bleeding of a blood feather?
- pluck the feather
- What is a unique feature of bird tracheal rings?
- They are complete, not "C" shaped
- Describe a birds breathing
- breathes in , extracts oxygen, and then when exhaling the air passes right back out of the bird the same way it came in - back up through the lungs and then out
- In birds, the ___ acts as a prehensile tool
- beak
- What is the crop in birds?
- a dilation of esophagus that acts as a temporary storage chamber - can get burned during handling
- What is a gizzard?
- 2nd section of stomach, muscular organ for grinding, mixing chamber that contains grit
- What is the cloaca? In french?
- terminal chamber where urinary, digestive, and reproductive systems empty - "common sewer"
- What is unique about bird of prey digestion?
- Indigestible remains (hair/bones) are stored in gizzard, form bolus, and is hacked up
- Where are testicles located in male bird?
- in abdomen
- Female birds have only one ___ and it is usually located on the ___ side
- ovary, left
- Female birds can store sperm for longperiods of time - how long and why do they do this
- 10-14 days, sequential embryo/egg formation as only one egg can process at a time
- How are birds sexed?
- Some m/f appear different (dimorphic), surgical sexing, DNA blood tests, Fecal Steroid Analysis
- What is a clutch?
- # of legs laid in one cycle
- What is an indeterminate layer? Examples of?
- species that replaces lost/damaged eggs - chickens and psittacines
- What is a determinant layer? Examples of?
- lays a specific # of eggs per clutch - crows and raptors
- What is recommended for ALL new birds?
- A new bird exam
- A bird hides an illness until when?
- Until is is very, very, sick - survival mechanism
- What is a vy good tool for assessing a bird's health?
- Monitoring its weight
- Why are wing trims essential?
- prevent escape, reduce dominance issues, and reduce liklihood of injury
- Why do you never trim just one wing?
- Casues balance troubles that can lead to injury
- Describe how to trim wings
- Extend wing and cut first 8-10 primary feathers following the natural line of the covert feathers - never cut shorter than coverts
- What can you use to trim feathers
- regular scissors, bandage scissors, wire cutters
- Is a bird's beak sensitive?
- Very
- If a bird's beak is extremely long what should be done in re: to trimming it? Why?
- trim it back in stages - if too much cut at once, the bird may not be able to eat
- Descirbe some methods for giving meds to a bird orally
- curved feeding tubes/gavage needles, medicating water (iffy), inject med into food that bird likes
- Where are SQ injections given in birds?
- on back in between wings, or inner thigh
- Where is IM injection given in birds?
- pectoral muscles
- What veins may be used for IV injections in birds?
- wing veins, jugular, medial metatarsal (lg birds)
- What is the method for med admin called where med is added to water then a machine is used to turn it into a mist for inhalation?
- Nebulization
- One day of an illness in a bird = ___ days in a human
- 7 days
- Why should a client not clean the cage before bringing a bird to the vet
- vet/tech can see # and type of droppings
- What bird dz is zoonotic and reportable to DoH?
- Psittacosis
- What bird dz can show signs similar to a "one eyed cold"
- Psittacosis
- What bird dz is also known as "Bird AIDS"
- Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease
- What bird dz is a virus that affects birds during molting and is considered fatal?
- Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease
- What is another name for Polyoma Virus?
- Budgerigar Fledgling Disease
- What bird dz is an infection of the feet due to poor perch sanitation or rough perches and is a big problem in raptor rehab?
- Bumblefoot
- What bird Dz is a concern to the commercial poulty industry?
- Newcastle Dz
- In which bird dz does a Herpes virus cause a fatal hepatitis? Vax avail?
- Pacheco's Dz - vax avail
- What is the bird condition called when an egg becomes stuck in the canal and won't pass?
- Egg binding
- What are some parasites that birds could get?
- giardia, lice, mites
- What is the scientific name of scaley leg or face mite that parakeets or canaries may get?
- Knemidocoptes sp.
- What are some causes of feather picking?
- boredom, malnutrition, change in environment, stress, parasites, PBFD
- What bird condition may be tx w/ a modified e-collar and/or antidepressants?
- feather picking
- Should a bird's leg band be kept on or removed after purchase?
- removed - retain for proof of ownership/purchase, however