Art History Test 3
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
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ETRUSCAN TEMPLE
Italian Penninsula
Etruscan
Temple built to be worshipped inside
Podium: stereo/stylobate if it were Greek
Cellae: The inside room itself
No figures in pediment
No colonade
Figures on top -
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TOMB OF RELIEFS
Cerverteri
Etruscan
Underground temple
Tumulus: The tomb in general
Reserved Piers: indoor columns(left mass which hardened when they dug out rooms)
Niches: shelf-like things that held dead bodies
Bench-like areas which held ash-filled urns near walls, Coffin-like objects used
Tools were carved and made to look real; shows they believed the ka needed these things in the aferlife -
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APOLLO FROM VEII
Italian Penninsula
Etruscan
Assimilation of Greek art evident, but had more spring in step. -
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MARS FROM TODI
Italian Penninsula
Etruscan
Assimilation of Greek art evident, but had more spring in step. -
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HUSBAND AND WIFE
Italian Penninsula
Etruscan
Cinerary urn
Sarcophagus: tara coda-malliable clay
Figures on top of the urn are relaxed and fluent(archaic-like smile); look like they're lounging on daybed -
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SHE-WOLF
Etruscan
Italian Penninsula
Became the emblem of Rome
Suckled Romulus and Remus (lost children) -
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CHIMERA
Italian Penninsula
Etruscan
Demon of the Underworld
Hybrid creature of at least 5 animals -
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GATE OF PORTA AUGUSTA
Italian Penninsula
Etruscan
Arch: precurser to Roman arch
huge scale, warring people -
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PORTRAIT OF A ROMAN
Roman Empire
Rome
Veristic: super-realism
Uniqueness of character-depicted a person--not an ideal: age, gravity, can tell he's a worker -
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PATRICIAN
Roman Empire
Rome
sophisticated form (controposto)
robe/fabric -
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FORUNA VIRILIS
Roman Empire
Rome
Psuedoperipteral: false peripteral temple (columns connected to part of the wall)
Ionic, used for inside worship -
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SANCTUARY OF FORTUNA PRIMIGENIA
Roman Empire
Rome
Romans first to use concrete
imperium: for water, had entrence, opening the large garden filled area
conplurium: opening in top for light and air -
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FORUM OF POMPEII
Roman Empire
Rome
forum: large community (markets, homes, stores, etc.) -
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TEMPLE OF SYBIL
Roman Empire
Rome
Tholos: round, free-standing temple
Romans best at this type of temple because they had cement, mortar (like foundation of a basement, built a framework), venir on outside of temple like early brick laying -
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AUGUSTUS OF PRIMAPORTA
Roman Empire
Rome
Octavian, controposto, composed expression, devine lineage (baby=Venus riding on back of dolphin)
iconography: writing in pictures
THIS IS PROPAGANDA
INDIVIDUALIZED
Breastplate: cornocopia=mother earth, symbols of war victories, sun rising=new era, apollo
HONORS HIM FOR BRINGING PEACE TO THE EMPIRE (ends civil war) -
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TELLUS RELIEF (ARA PACIS AUGUSTAE)
Roman Empire
Rome
composition: higher and lower reliefs
iconography: symbols=honor
Pax Romana, new leader -
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PROCESSION RELIEF (ARA PACIS AUGUSTAE)
Roman Empire
Rome
Visual narriative, iconography, child makes it worldly -
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PONT DU GARD
Early Empire
Rome
aquaduct: carries water (sloped)
voussier
key stone -
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COLOSSEUM
Early Empire
Rome
ampitheater: outdoor theater
Free-standing
venired with marble -
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TRAJAN'S COLUMN
Early Empire
Rome
Individualized, Basilica (for business) located here, base holds his ashes
POWER SYMBOL FOR THE "GOOD OF THE PEOPLE"
500 ft. continuous spiraling frieze depicting the history -
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IMPERIAL FORUM
Early Empire
Rome
axial-alinement: one-axis, smaller forums built upon by emperors to follow -
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ARCH OF TITUS
Early Empire
Rome
Barrel arch
Honors Titus
Place of Refuge
cornus=adict
3-D high relief
TITUS CONQUERED JERUSALEM -
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PANTHEON
Early Empire
Rome
oculus: 30 ft. hole in the top of dome
coffers: indentations in the dome
no interior supports (like beehive tomb)
"Pantheon" means "All gods"
8 niches-honored 7 gods with statues and left room in case another god was "discovered"
One pieced columns, 18-20 ft. thick walls, floor slightly convex, interior deocrated-HONORED HADRIAN'S RULE AND THE GODS
concrete dome-thinner at the top, lighter material (stone) at the top, offers alliviated the wieght, 144 ft. tall and in diameter, fake clerestory to break-up monotony of drum -
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MARCUS AURELIUS
Early Empire
Rome
Equestrian statue
Miraculously survived the Christian domination (believed to have been Constantine)
calm-expression v. intensity of horse, bronze, life-sized statue, spent his time on the frontier, died in March, last of the 5 great emperors, stoicism
HIS DEATH MARKED THE END OF THE GOLDEN AGE -
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PHILIP THE ARAB
Late Empire
Rome
Barrack Emperor
facial hair - INCRUSTATION
- FLAT WALLS, FRESCO AND MARBLE DUST, PUT ON WALL, POLISH
- ARCHITETECHTURAL
- MURALS, MADE TO APPEAR AS PART OF THE ARCHITECTURE
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THE FOUR TETRACHS
Late Empire
Rome
Four people who represent the rulers of the 4 parts of the empire that Diocletian divided -
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CONATANTINE THE GREAT
Late Empire
Rome
Const. brings Empire back together that Dioclecian divided. BASILICA OF CONSTANTINE (STATUE INSIDE) coffers, monumental arches, seated statue, idealized, all powerful, HE WAS FIRST CHRISTIAN RULER, precurser of Christian art to come. -
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ARCH OF CONSTANTINE
Late Empire
Rome
many influences, classical reliefs, reliefs probably taken from Hadrian's palace and put here
symbolic arch (halo) over his head -
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EARLY CHRISTIAN BASILICAN PLAN
Atrium- in early Christian, Byzantine, and medieval architecture, the forecourt of a church; as a rule enveloped by four colonnaded porticoes.
Narthex- the entrance hall or porch proceding the nave of a church.
Nave- the great central space in a church. In longitudinal churches, it extends from the entrance to the apse (or only to the crossing if the church has one) and is usually flanked by side aisles.
Side Aisle- one of the corridors running parallel to the nave of a church and separated from it by an arcade or colonnade.
Transept- in a cruciform church, the whole arm set at right angles to the nave. Note that the transept appears infrequently in Early Christian churches. Old St. Peter's is one of the few example of a basilica with a transept from this period. The transept would not become a standard component of the Christian church until the Carolingian period.
Apse- a recess, sometimes rectangular but usually semicircular, in the wall at the end of a Roman basilica or Christian church. The apse in the Roman basilica frequently contained an image of the Emperor and was where the magistrate dispensed laws. In the Early Christian basilica, the apses contained the "cathedra" or throne of the bishop and the altar. -
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OLD ST. PETER'S
Early Christian
Rome
Early Christian Basilican Plan
Enterence on west and altar on east (change from the Basilica) -
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GOOD SHEPARD FRESCO
Early Christian
Rome
iconography: symbolic religious poses, lunettes, oran figure, Johnah is symbol of Christ - NO PICTURE FOUND
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LOAVES AND FISHES FRESCO
Early Christian
Rome
When Christ fed 5,000 with little food -
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SANTA COSTANZA
Early Chrsitian
Rome
built for Constantine's daughter
Central plan: Circular/tholos plan
Ambulatory: circular walkway -
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PARTING OF LOT AND ABRAHAM
Early Christian
Santa Maggiore, Rome
denaturing: decreasing naturalism, more flat and patterned
pantomime: like "mime" turning away
RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
intended to reach the masses, grainy, simplified but significant figures and movement -
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MAUSOLEUM OF GALLA PLACIDIA
Early Christian Byzantine
Ravenna, Italy
Place that survived the fall of Rome in 1410 and Ravenna became the capital of Italy -
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CHRIST AS GOOD SHEPARD MOSAIC
Early Christian Byzantine
Ravenna, Italy
obvious cross, REcognition Period, retains naturalism (light and shadow), overlapping objects to create 3-D effect, symmetrical, foreground, middleground and background, sheep moving, hieratic scale and placement, Jesus wearing purple (royalty), sky is still blue (still of this world) -
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SANT' APOLLONAIRE EN CLASSE
Early Christian Byzantine
Ravenna, Italy
Heighth of the Byzantine style, GOLD SKY, triumphal arch of Christianity, obvious cross imposed upon blue orb, composition: dematerialization: hand of god reaching down -
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SAN VITALE
Ravenna, Italy
Byzantine
The Age of Justinian marks the beginning of the first Golden Age of Byzantian art
539; Ravenna is conquered for Justinian; east and west are reunited, Ravenna was the main place, art imported from the east for temple, central plan (circular), ambulatory, erected in honor of Justinian, 2nd story was the gallery (where women would be), celestory windows -
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CHRIST BETWEEN ANGELS AND SAINTS
San Vitale
Byzantine
Ravenna, Italy
Sitting on world, handing golden wreath to saint in direction of Justinian
dematerialized: emphasis taken off of this world and put into a religious sense (3-D to 2-D) -
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SACRIFICE OF ISAAC
San Vitale
Ravenna, Italy
Byzantine
Apporximate perspective, table gets larger further away -
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JUSTINIAN AND ATTENDANTS
Byzantine
Ravenna, Italy
patterned folds, form in general denatured, halo, loosing wieght, sky not blue, all foreground, Justinian in center, diff. classes of people, benifactor, bishop, miliatary (trying to show he had the support of all), only VIP's represented individually, shield=symbolic of Christ, Justinian wearing purple (iconographically makes him like Christ), paper-doll like feet stepping on each other, CONCEPT OF DEVINE EMPEROR -
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THEODORA AND ATTENDANTS
Byzantian
Ravenna, Italy
Golden cup with wine, floating, 3 maji on her robe, Theodora represented as mary, used to be a hooker, similar composition to Justinian and attendants), she's wearing purple, gold -
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SANT' APOLLONARE NUOVO
Ravenna, Italy
Byzantine -
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HAGIA SOPHIA
Constantinople
Istanbul
pendentive: dome layered over a groin vault (two dowmes on top of one another, basically) -
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THE CRUCIFIXION
Daphne, Greece
Late Byzantine
expressionistic portrayal -
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PANTOCRATOR
Late Byzantine
Monreale, Sicily
expression prevalent, powerful look -
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VLADIMIR MADONNA
Late Byzantine
Location?
Child held by mother, emotional interaction