Anth 400A Final
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Define Social Morphology;
- refers to social structure
- Define social physiology;
- refers to social function
- Define Diachronic;
- This means 'historical' or 'concerned with the past, and change through time'
- Define Synchronic;
- ahistorical; not concerned with change over time.
- Define 'Social Structure' in one word;
- Matrix
- Define Social Function;
- The role individual parts play in maintaining the structural whole;
- Genealogical method;
- In non-Western societies, kinship is the nub, which is best understood through the study of cultural history and psychology;
- Structuralism;
- British social anthropological thought - concern with social structure;
- Functionalism;
-
1) Radcliffe-Brown: idea of how the parts of a society contribute to whole of society;
2) Malinowski - culture responds to biological needs in a hierarchical way; - Structural-Functionalism;
- the synchronic concern with social structure and social function;
- Organic analogy
- the thought that society is like an organism;
- Folk taxonomies
- culturally conditioned map of a semantic domain;
- Nomothetic
- Generalizing
- Idiographic
- Particularizing
- Cultural Neo-Evolutionism
- 20th Century cultural evolutionism
- New Archaeology
- archaeology that is nomothetic
- Culturology
- White's nomothetic study of culture
- Thermodynamics
- the conversion of energy in the universe as it relates to culturology;
- Cognitive anthropology
- concerned with folk taxonomies and semantic domains. It is 'emic'
- Emic
- Inside point of view; derived from the word 'phonemic' which refers to linguitic meaning;
- Etic
- Outsiders point of view; derived from the word 'phonetic' which refers to linguistic sounds;
- Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis;
- the thought that the mental structure of languages and cultures are correlated; One influences the other and vise versa.
- Semantic domain
- mental domains of cultural meaning; focus of cognitive anthropology
- What is Freudian Anthropology also called?
- Psychodynamic anthropology
- What are 'primary cultural institutions' and what are they also called?
- Primary cultural institutions are those institutions that decide how a child is raised, and they shape one's basic personality. It is also called 'Maintenance Systems' - but note that this latter term excludes Freudian thought
- Secondary Cultural Systems
- also called 'projective systems' = these are the institutions that are projections of basic personality structure which help ppl cope with life (ie: society, politics, religion)
- Basic Personality Structure
-
shaped by primary and projected to secondary institutions;
AKA: "Personality Variables" (excludes Freud) - What, according to White, are the four stages of cultural evolution?
- tools, the Neolithic Revolution (ie: domestication of plants and animals), fossil fuels, and atomic energy
- Explain the Layer-Cake Model
- White's idea - technology at the bottom, social and political organizations are in the middle, and ideology is at the top.
- Explain White's Thermodynamic Law
-
Culture develops as ways to harnass energy are developed and as technology advances.
C = E x T - Cultural Ecology
- Interactions between cultural and environmental variables
- Adaptation (as it relates to culture)
- (Cultural ecology) result of cultures adjusting to environments
- Band
- simplest form of social organization (followed by tribe, then chiefdom, then state)
- What is 'entropy'
- Disorder in the universe
- Superorganic
- (Kroeber) Culture distinct from psychology and above biology
- Great Man Theory of History
- the thought that individuals have a greater effect on history that historical circumstances
- configurationalism
- search for cultural patterns
- What is psychological anthropology concerned with?
- the relationships between culture and personality
- Enculturation
- how culture shapes an individual
- Gestalt
- Benedict's idea that each culture has its own personality configuration
- which anthropological theorist studied this term did a national character study of a 'culture-at-a-distance'
- Benedict; Remember that a) WWII was happening, making it near to impossible for Benedict to have traveled to Japan; and b) Benedict found fieldwork hard because of her partial deafness
- What is another name for maintenance systems?
- primary cultural institutions
- What is another name for secondary cultural institutions?
- Projective systems
- What is another name for "basic personality structure"?
- Personality variables
-
List a few of the anthropologists who studied:
1) psychological anth;
2) structural-functionalism;
3) Cultural Neo Evolutionism;
4) Functionalist; -
1) Mead, Benedict, Sapir;
2) Radcliffe-Brown;
3) White, Steward, Childe;
4) Malinowski;