7th Grade Life Science Final
Terms
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Archaebacteria
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Group that includes ancient bacteria.
Prokaryotic - Lack a nucleus
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When yeast releases energy from sugar without the use of oxygen.
- Fermentation
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The one variable that is changed to test a hypothesis.
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Manipulated variable
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The testing group in which all the variables except one remain the same.
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Experimental group
- Different forms of a gene.
- Allele
- Interphase
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The phase that the cell spends most of its time.
- How many pairs in the human chromosome?
- 23
- The group that does not receive special treatment which is used to compare results with the experimental groups.
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Control group.
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A suggested solution to a problem.
- Hypothesis
- The theory that living things come from other living things.
- Biogenesis
- Organisms have these 8 characteristics:
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- Made up of cells
- Use energy
- Move
- Respond
- Adjust
- Reproduce
- Grow and develop
- Adapt to their environment
- Organisms with many cells are organized into
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- Tissues
- Organs
- Organ systems that keep the organism live.
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Organic compounds contain ?
- Carbon
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What does the cell membrane control?
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What molecules can and cannot pass through it.
- When water diffuses through a selectively permeable membrane it's called?
- Osmosis
- Producers
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Make food through photosynthesis which consumers eat.
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What do oxygen-deprived cells do?
- Carry out fermentation to release small amounts of energy from glucose without using oxygen.
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The four stages of mitosis?
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- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telephase
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Which phase do cels spend most of their time?
- Interphase
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What is DNA made up of?
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Nitrogen bases that direct all the cell's activities.
- Where are chromosomes found?
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The cell's nucleus.
- DNA makes up the genes found on the ?
- chromosomes
- How many of each kind of chromosomes does each body cell normally have?
- 2
- Gametes
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Sex cells
- Sex cells only have how many of each kind of chromosome?
- One
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Tool use in genetics to predict the probability of offspring.
- Punnett square
- What do the letters represent in the Punnett square?
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Different Alleles
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True or False
Heredity features of a species may change over time.
- True
- Evidence of life from the past.
- Fossils
- Organisms are classified in how many different levels?
- 7
- What is the largest, most diverse level of organisms?
- Kingdom
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How many kingdoms of living things are there?
- 6
- Organism that is a multi-cellular eukaryote that adapted to life on land with structures such as roots, waxy cuticles, guard cells and stomata.
- Plants
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The factor that changes BECAUSE of the manipulated variable.
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Dependent variable (responding variable).
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Eubacteria
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Unicellular prokaryotic
True Bacteria
- Protists
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Unicellular
Eukaryoitc
Either plant-like, animal-like or fungus-like.
- Fungi
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Saprophutes ( parasites)
Reproduced by spores
Boy is a mass of thread-like tubes called hyphae
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What is the function of roots?
- to absorb water
- What is the function of stomata?
- To conserve water and reduce transpiration.
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What is the function of stems?
- To provide support for leaves.
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What is the function of leaves?
- To make food by photosynthesis.
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What is respiration?
- Release of energy from food.
- What do xylem and phloem tissue do?
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Move materials from one part of the plant to another.
- What is a multicelllular eukaryote that must find and digest their food?
- Animals
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True or False
Most animals are vertebrates.
- False
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Examples of simple invertebrates
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planarian
free-living flatworm
cnidarians like the jellyfish
- What are multi-cellular eukaryotes that adapted to life on land with structures such as roots, waxy cuticles, guard cells and stomata?
- Plants
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What is the function of stomata?
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to conserve water and reduce transpiration.
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What is the function of xylem and phloem tissue?
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To move materials from one part of the plant to another.
- What are multicellular eukaryotes that must find and digest their food?
- Animals
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True or False
Most animals are vertebrates.
- False
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Examples of simple invertebrates
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Planarian
Free-living flatworm
Cnidarians - jellyfish
- Complex invertebrate examples
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Arthropods - animals with hard outer covering
Exoskeletons - go through metamorphosis
- Nymph
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Little adult - organism that has not finished metamorphosis
- No larva or pupa stages means ...
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Incomplete metamorphosis
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When an animal changes drastically before reaching adult stage in metamorphosis it's called ...
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Complete metamorphosis
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The study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment.
- Ecology
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What does the biosphere consist of?
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Biotic and abiotic factors
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Matter is recycled in the ?
- biosphere
- Energy is passed along the food chain from ? to ? until it is used up.
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From producers to consumers.
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What are the four types of relationships among populations in a community?
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- Parasitism
- Predator-prey
- Mutualism
- Commensalism
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What 3 comparisons are made when studying ecology?
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- Relationships among populations
- Habitat
- Niche
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Large geographic regions with a distinct climate that influences what type of plants and animals live there.
- Biome
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What determines climate?
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Temperature
Precipitation
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What are the six major land biomes?
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- Tundra
- Tiaga
- Temperate Deciduous Forests
- Tropical Forests
- Grassland
- Desert
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The gradual change from one community to another such as a field becoming a forest.
- Succession
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Natural Resources
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Parts of the environment used by organisms for survival.
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Examples of how to conserve natural resources
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- Reuse of items
- Recycling of items into different products
- Reduce use of energy
- Use alternative energy sources (hydroelectric power)
- A well-tested idea that explains a wide range of observations in science.
- Theory
- Hypothesis
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A suggested solution to a scientific problem.
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The theory that living things come from non-living matter.
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Spontaneous Generation
- Producer
- An organism that can make its own food.
- Organism that cannot make its own food.
- Consumer
- What breaks down organic material and recycles it back into the environment?
- Decomposers
- Tissues
- Made up of groups of cells.
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Similar tissues make up ?
- Organs
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Organ systems
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Made up of similar organs.
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Level of organization
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Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
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Characteristics of living things
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- Composed of cells
- Uses energy
- Needs water
- Reproduces
- Doesn't live forever
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The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration and does not require energy.
- Osmosis
- Coming to a conclusion based on observation.
- Inference
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When yeast releases energy from sugar without use of oxygen is called?
- Fermentation
- Organic Compound
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A compound which contains carbon.
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An example of an organic compound.
- Sugar
- Observation
- What you see, hear smell or taste with your senses.
- Respiration
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Process where cells use oxygen to break down sugar for energy.
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Petrified wood is a ?
- fossil
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In a Punnett Square, what are the letters used to represent?
- Alleles
- In a Punnett Square, what are the capital letters used to represent?
- Dominant alleles
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Basic unit of inheritance.
- Gene
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Chromosones are composed of ?
- DNA
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Change in species over time.
- Evolution
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Waxy layer on the outer covering of the leaves.
- Cuticle
- Stomata
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Openings on the underside of the leaf that allows water to exit while letting in carbon dioxide.
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Guard cells
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control the opening and closing of the
- Organs in a plant that are responsible for anchoring, absorbing water and storing food.
- roots
- Photosynthesis
- Process that uses sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to make sugar and oxygen.
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What part of the plant makes food using photosynthesis?
- Leaves
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Green pigment that most plants use to absorb sunlight.
- Chlorophyll
- Xylem
- Vascular tissue that carries water and minerals in a plant.
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What carries food throughout the plant?
- Phloem
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Animals with a backbone.
- Vertebrate
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Animals without a backbone.
- Invertebrate
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External covering on all arthropods.
- Exoskeleton
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Complete metamorphosis stages:
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- Egg
- Larva
- Pupa
- Adult
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Incomplete metamorphosis stages:
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- Egg
- Nymph
- Adult
- What two factors make up an ecosystem?
- Biotic and Abiotic factors
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Fungi is what kind of a factor?
- Biotic
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Water is what kind of a factor?
- Abiotic
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True or False
Abiotic factors are non-living.
- True
- What is an example of the first link in the food chain?
- Plants
- Evaporation
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when water goes from liquid to gas
- When rain, snow, sleet or hail falls to the earth.
- Precipitation
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The two processes that make up the water cycle.
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Evaporation and Precipitation
- Population
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Organisms that are part of one area.
- Flagellates that live in the gut of a termite is an example of?
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Mutualism - both organisms benefit.