smester test: Science
Terms
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- the trancfer of heat by direct contact of particles of matter
- what is conduction?
- all the continents had once been jouned together in a single landmass and have since drifted apart; evidence form land, fossils, and climate
- what is the theory of continental drift? evidence from?
- fossil
- a trace of an ancient organsim that has been preserved in rock
- the transfer of energy through empty space
- what is radiation?
- syncline
- a downward fold in rock formed by compresion in Eath's crust
- sampling- is an estamate, mark-and-recapture- capture, mark on it stomach, capture again, count marks= population size
- explain sampling and mark-and-recapture
- an ore is melted to seperate the useful metal form other elements the ore contains
- what is smelting?
- the behaviors and physical characteristics of species in their environment
- adaptation is what?
- ring of fire
- a major belt of volcanoes that rims the pacific ocean
- a relationship between species that benifits 1, mutualism- sanguaro and the lond eared bat, commensalism- red-tailed hawk and saguaro, parasitism- flea and a dog
- what is sybiosis? name 3 types and explain each
- through crystallization of melted materials and though crystallization of minerals dissolved in water
- how do minerals form?
- ore
- rock that contains a metal or economically useful minerals
- extinct
- said of a volcano that is unlikely to erupt again
- tsunami
- a large wave produced by an earthqyake on the ocean floor
- crystal
- a solid in which that atoms are arronged in a pattern that repeats again and again
- foot wall
- the block of rock that forms the lower half of a foult
- limiting factors- and environmental factor that prevents a population from increasing, direct observations- count one by one all of the members, indirect- observe takces and other signs
- explain limiting factors, direct observations, and indirect observations
- epicenter
- the pont on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake
- focus
- the pont beneath earth's surface where rock breaks under stress ans causes an earthquake
- compound
- a substance in which two or more elements are chemically joined
- cleavage
- a mineral's ability to split easily along flat surfaces
- seismic waves
- a bibration that travels throught earth carrying the energy released during and earthquake
- food, water, shelter, and other things it needs to live, grow, and reproduce
- an organism needs what basic needs?
- fracture
- the way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way
- camouflage, protective coverings, warning colors, mimcry, false coloring
- name som defense stategies for agranisms
- pangaea
- the name of the single landmass the broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today's continents
- element
- a substance composed of a single kind of atom
- mountains, rift valley, mid-ocean ridges
- how does eath's serface change due to faults?
- active
- said of a vocano that is erupting or has shown sings of erupting in the near future
- non-living parts of an ecosystem
- what are abiotic factors?
- subduction
- the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean tranch and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary
- organism, population, communtiy, ecosystem
- order of living things starting with organism
- anticline
- an upward fold in rock formed by compression of Earth's Crust
- streak test, moh's hardness scale, luster, and density
- how do you identify minerals?
- hanging wall
- a block of rock that forms the upper half of a fault
- evaporation
- the process by which molecules of a liquid abosrb energy and change to the gas state
- the process that contiuall adds new material to the sea floor
- that is the sea floor spreading?
- nitrogen fixation
- the process of changing free nitrogen gas into a usable form
- adaptation to environment- an animal adapts to the food an area has, competition- a howk eats during the day and an owl eats less because of the hawk, predation- lion eats a zebra
- what are 3 major types of interactions anond organisms and give an example of each.
- fluorescence
- the property of a mineral in which the mineral glows under ultraviolet light
- is a naturally accuring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition
- what is a mineral?
- mage rises, pressure decreases, opening developes in weak rock, magma pushes out
- stages that lead up to a volcanic eruption
- an organism eats another to obtain energy, and some is available for the next organism in the food web
- how does energy progress throughout?
- alloy
- a solid mixture in which one substance in dissolved in another
- precipitation
- rain, snow, sleet, or hail
- nodule
- bumps on the roots of certain plants that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria
- condenstation
- the process by which a gas changes to a liquid
- living parts of an ecosystem
- what are biotic factors?
- scientists who study the forces that make and shape planet eath
- what is geology?
- strike-slip- move past each other; reverce- the opposite of a normal fault; normal- 1 block liesabove and 1 below the fault
- differentiate between: strike-slip, reverse, and normal faults
- p waves, s waves, surfaces waves
- eathquake's energy reaches earth's surface how?
- vent
- the opening through which moten rock and gas leave a volcano
- the transfer of heat by movements of a heated fluid
- what is convection?
- crust, mantle, core
- 3 layers of earth
- food chain- on organism eats another to obtain energy, food web- many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem
- what is the difference between the food web and the food chain
- dormant
- said of a volcano that does not show sign of erupting in the near future
- the longest chain of mountains in the world
- what is the mid-ocean ridge?