World History II Chapter 12
Terms
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- militarism
- reliance on military strength
- plebiscite
- a popular vote
- entrepreneurs
- a person interested in finding new business opportunities and new ways to make profits
- conservatism
- a political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, favoring obedience to political authority and organized government
- emancipation
- the act of setting free
- British North American Act
- established a Candian nation with its own constitution
- socialism
- a system in which society, usually in the form of government, owns and controls the means of production
- secularization
- indifferance to or rejection of religion or religious consideration
- Ludwig van Beethoven
- one of the greatest composers of all time
- Giuseppe Garibaldi
- started the army of the Red Shirts
- puddling
- process in which coke derived from coal is used to burn away impurities in crude iron to produce high quality iron
- principle of intervention
- idea that great powers have the right to send armies into countries where there are revolutions to restore legitimate governments
- cottage industry
- a method of production in which tasks are done by individuals in their rural homes
- secede
- withdraw
- Charles Darwin
- published On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
- Czar Alexander II
- czar of Russia; issued the emancipation edict, freeing the serfs
- Germanic Confederation
- 38 independent German states
- organic evolution
- the principles set forth by Darwin that every plant or animal has evolved, or changed, over a long period of time from earlier, simpler forms of life to more complex forms
- kaiser
- German or "caesar," the title of the emperors of the secong German empire
- realism
- mid-ninteenth century movement that rejected romanticism and sought to portray lower- and middle-class life as it actually was
- Queen Victoria
- queen from 1837 to 1901, the longest reign in English history
- multinational state
- a collection of different peoples
- Robert Fulton
- built the first paddle-wheel steamboat
- capital
- money available for investment
- Klemens von Metternich
- Austrian foreign minister and leader of the Congress of Vienna
- Charles Dickens
- British novelist famous for novels such as Oliver Twist and David Copperfield
- universal male suffrage
- the right of all males to vote in elections
- abolitionism
- a movement to end slavery
- natural selection
- the principle set forth by Darwin that some organisms are more adaptable to the environment than others; in popular terms, "survival of the fittest"
- Otto von Bismarck
- a prime minister of Germany
- James Watt
- Scottish engineer that enabled an engine to drive machinery
- romanticism
- an intellectual movement that emerged at the end of the eighteenth century in reaction to the ideas of the Enlightenment; it stressed feelings, emotion, and imagination as sources of knowing
- Louis Pastuer
- proposed the germ theory of disease, which which was crucial to the development of modern scientific medical practices
- Louis-Napoleon
- nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, became president
- Congress of Vienna
- a meeting between Great Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia to restore Europe to the old order
- Bill of Rights
- a document that guaranteed certain freedoms
- enclosure movement
- a law allowed large landowners to fence off common lands
- industrial capitalism
- an economic system based on industrial production or manufactoring
- liberalism
- a political philosophy originaly based largely on Enlightenment principles, holding that people should be as free as possible from government restraint and that civil liberties - the basic rights of all people - should be protected