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Science Test Ch.15 & 16

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When a stressful situation does not go away, can you restore homeostasis?
No!
What is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body?
an enzyme
What muscles work to control movements inside your body?
smooth
What nutrient is needed for the body's vital processes?
water
When should you begin to take precautions against calcium loss?
now
What is the body's longest bone?
femur
What does the liver produce?
bile
What is the body's tendency to keep an internal balance (the process by which an organisms' internal enviroment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external enviroment)?
Homeostasis
What is a thick, slippery substance produced by the body?
mucus
What is a strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone?
tendon
Which of the intestines is lined with villi?
small
What are some of the structures in the skin?
sweat glands, pores, hair follicles,
Where is bile produced?
in the liver
What are the functions of the skin?
prevent loss of water, protect you, regulate body temperature, produce vitamin D
What tissue provides support for your body and connects all its parts?
connective
What are the two types of marrow?
red and yellow
What are the four kinds of joints?
ball-and-socket joint, hinge joint, gliding joint, pivet joint
Which intestine is directly attached to the stomach and receives bile and enzymes from the other organs?
small
How many main bones make up the leg?
3
What breaks down medicines and eliminates nitrogen from the body?
liver
How can you maintain homeostasis?
By eating and drinking regularly
What fats are solid at room temperature?
saturated
What are the six kinds of nutrients necessary fro human health?
carbs, fats, minerals, vitamins, water, and proteins
What tissue makes up organs that are able to contract or shorten?
muscle
What are the three types of muscles?
smooth, skeletal, cardiac
Where is melanin produced?
in the epidermis
When does calcium loss generally begin?
early in life
Where is bile stored?
in the gallbladder
What are some of the things that upset homeostasis?
stress, not eating or drinking
What is the reaction of your mind to threatening, challenging, or disturbing events?
stress
What are sugars?
simple carbohydrates
What is the last section of the digestive system?
large
Which kind of joint allows the elbow to swing back and forth?
hinge joint
Are vitamins needed in small amounts?
yes
How is calcium carried through the body?
through the circulatory system
What tissue makes up the organs that send messages to control the body?
nerve
What muscles are attached to the skeleton?
skeletal
What is the largest and heaviest organ inside the body?
liver
Where do chemical and mechanical digestion begin?
in the mouth
What is the short tube where the large intestine ends?
rectum
What are made of long chains of amino acids?
proteins
What is chemical digestion accomplished by?
enzymes
What fats are liquid at room temperature?
unsaturated
Which kind of joint allows bones to slide?
gliding joint
What produces enzymes that flow into the small intestine?
pancreas
What are the four types of tissues?
connective, muscle, nerve, and epithelial
What is the largest organ in the human body?
liver
What do nutrients provide that is necessary for body processes?
raw materials, and energy
What are waves of muscle contractions?
peristalsis
Where does almost all chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients takes place?
small intestine
Which intestine prepares wastes for elimination from the body?
large
Which intestine conatins bacteria that feed on material passing through?
large
What is a strong connective tissue that holds the bones together in a movable joint?
joint
What is the most important nutrient?
water
What are the 26 small bones that make up your spine called?
vertebrae
What makes it possible for you to move?
Joints
What tube connects the mouth and the stomach?
esophagus
Where does most mechanical digestion occur?
stomach
What is the difference between children's bones and adult's bones?
children's - no cartilage.
Are minerals needed in small amounts?
yes
Are proteins from plant sources complete or incomplete?
incomplete
What are the layers of the skin from top to bottom?
epidermis, dermis
Which joint allows movement in all directions?
ball-and-socket joint
Where is the place where waste materials are compressed into a solid form?
rectum
What is the first part of the small intestine?
pancreas
What is a pigment that gives skin color?
melanin
What is an indication on a food label of how the nutritional of a food fits into the diet of a person who consumes a total of 2,000 Calories a day?
Percent Daily Value
What are the three main functions of the digestive system?
Breaks down food into molecules the body can use. Then molecules are absorbed into blood and carried throughout cody. Finally, wastes are eliminated
Where is saliva located?
motuh
Are proteins from animal sources complete or incomplete?
complete
What is a wavy, fatlike substance found only in animal products?
cholestrol
Wat is the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles?
voluntary - choose/involuntary- automatic
What are the functions of the skeleton?
provides shape and support, enables movement, protects organs, produces bloodcells, stores necessary materials
What are fibers and starches?
complex carbohydrates
What happens to your bones if they lose calcium
are weakened and can break
What are nutrients not made by living things?
minerals
What are the levels of organization in the human body? (from smallest to largest)
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
What is the esophagus lined with?
mucus
What does the body use calcium for?
regulating cells, helping muscles contract, helping control heart rate, building bones
What is the joint beween the femur and the hip?
ball-and-socket joint
What tissue is lined on the inside of the digestive system?
epithelial
What nutrient accounts for 65% of the average person's body weight?
water

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